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TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 as a Potential Biomarker for Huntington’s Disease

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Biomarkers for Huntington's Disease

Part of the book series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience ((CCNE))

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Abstract

TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) is a ubiquitously expressed ribonucleoprotein that participates in gene expression regulation. Since the discovery of aggregated TDP-43 as a pathological hallmark in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in 2006, this protein has been predominantly linked to neurodegenerative diseases. The pathophysiological role of aggregated TDP-43 in these diseases is not completely understood; however, it is believed that both toxic gain-of-function and loss-of-function mechanisms are involved. TDP-43 has also been identified as a secondary pathology in other neurological disorders, including Polyglutamine (PolyQ) Diseases and specifically, Huntington’s disease (HD). TDP-43 has been observed to colocalize with mutant Huntingtin inclusions in HD, but only a few studies have explored the molecular interactions between them. However, several case reports of individuals with the HTT mutation and ALS-like syndrome suggest potential interactions and involvement of TDP-43 in the pathophysiology and phenotype of some individuals with HD. Investigations into other PolyQ diseases, such as Spinocerebellar Ataxias, have provided additional evidence supporting the interaction between PolyQ regions in other genes and TDP-43. Research examining TDP-43 as a biomarker for HD is limited and further investigations are needed to elucidate the implications of TDP-43 in HD and its potential utility as a biomarker.

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Abbreviations

ALS:

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

ATXN1:

Ataxin 1

ATXN2:

Ataxin 2

bvFTLD:

behavioral variant-Frontotemporal Lobar Dementia

CFTR:

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator

CSF:

Cerebrospinal fluid

DN:

Dystrophic Neurites

FTLD:

Frontotemporal Lobar Dementia

FUS:

Fused in Sarcoma protein

GFNI:

Granulofilamentous neuronal inclusions

GOF:

toxic Gain-of-function

HD:

Huntington’s Disease

HIV-1:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1

Htt:

Huntingtin protein

IBMPFD-ALS:

Inclusion Body Myopathy, Paget’s Disease, and FTLD-ALS

LATE:

Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy

LOF:

Loss-of-function

mHtt:

mutant Huntingtin protein

MRI:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

mRNA:

messenger RNA

NCI:

Neural Cytoplasmatic Inclusions

nfPPA:

non-fluent Primary Progressive Aphasia

NII:

Neural Intranuclear Inclusions.

OIWM:

Oligodendorglial Inclusions in White Matter

PGRN:

Progranulin

PolyQ:

Polyglutamine

pTDP-43:

phosphorylated TDP-43

SCA:

Spinocerebellar Ataxia

SIMOA:

Single MOlecule Array

svPPA:

semantic-variant Primary Progressive Aphasia

TDP-43:

TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

    Jon Rodríguez-Antigüedad, Jesús Pérez-Pérez & Jaime Kulisevsky

  2. Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques-Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain

    Jon Rodríguez-Antigüedad, Jesús Pérez-Pérez & Jaime Kulisevsky

  3. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Medicine Department, Barcelona, Spain

    Jon Rodríguez-Antigüedad, Jesús Pérez-Pérez & Jaime Kulisevsky

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  1. Jon Rodríguez-Antigüedad
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Correspondence to Jaime Kulisevsky .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA

    Elizabeth A. Thomas

  2. Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

    Georgia M. Parkin

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Rodríguez-Antigüedad, J., Pérez-Pérez, J., Kulisevsky, J. (2023). TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 as a Potential Biomarker for Huntington’s Disease. In: Thomas, E.A., Parkin, G.M. (eds) Biomarkers for Huntington's Disease. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32815-2_14

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