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Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue: Targets or Relays for Interorgan Axis in Alcohol-Induced Tissue Injury?

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Alcohol and Alcohol-related Diseases

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Abstract

At-risk alcohol use is an independent risk factor for liver disease and type 2 diabetes and synergizes with an obesogenic environment additively increasing the risk of cardiometabolic disease. At the core of metabolic dysregulation is alcohol-induced cellular injury of the liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle (SKM), and adipose tissue (AT). This chapter focuses on the contribution of SKM and AT to alcohol-mediated metabolic dysregulation. SKM and AT are targets of alcohol-mediated dysregulation of glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism; aberrant extracellular matrix remodeling; bioenergetic adaptations; and impaired differentiation of muscle and adipose derived progenitors. Based on emerging evidence of interorgan communication as an important mechanism underlying alcohol-associated tissue injury, SKM and AT as relays are discussed. Secretion of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles are proposed as critical mediators of inter-organ communication contributing to metabolic dyshomeostasis associated with at-risk alcohol use. We provide insight into areas of research gaps that warrant systematic studies on how alcohol-mediated changes in mediators, particularly extracellular vesicles, and their bioactive cargo, mechanistically contribute to cardiometabolic disease. Research integrating these complex metabolic networks is imperative to elucidate their role and potential as targets for interventions to reduce comorbidities and improve quality of life among people with at-risk alcohol use.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIH/NIAAA: P60AA009803 (P.E.M.), F30AA029358 (B.L.B.), F31AA028459 (J.P.).

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  1. Department of Physiology & Comprehensive Alcohol-HIV/AIDS Research Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Liz Simon, Brianna L. Bourgeois, Jonquil M. Poret & Patricia E. Molina

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  1. Center for Alcohol Resarch, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Sebastian Mueller

  2. Linköping University, Affective Neuroscience, Linköping, Sweden

    Markus Heilig

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Simon, L., Bourgeois, B.L., Poret, J.M., Molina, P.E. (2023). Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue: Targets or Relays for Interorgan Axis in Alcohol-Induced Tissue Injury?. In: Mueller, S., Heilig, M. (eds) Alcohol and Alcohol-related Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32483-3_69

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