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Trigeminal Nerve Reconstruction in Maxillofacial Surgery

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Advancements and Innovations in OMFS, ENT, and Facial Plastic Surgery

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Abstract

Nerve injury has been reported since the times of Hippocrates. Peripheral nerve injury continues to be common in clinical practice today and is especially true in the head and neck region. Trigeminal nerve injury results in neurosensory disturbances that have detrimental effects on patients’ quality-of-life. Neurosensory testing and classification via the Medical Research Council Scale (MRCS) grading scores allow for valid comparison and outcome measurement. Current options for trigeminal repair and reconstruction include direct repair and interpositional grafting utilizing autograft or allograft. This is usually coupled with the aid of connectors. Future developments in reconstruction may involve newly developed nerve conduits with the implementations of growth factors, stem cells, and/or internal architecture. With the advancement in 3D bioprinting, convoluted and large-scale nerve defects may be designed and employed in repair. The goal is for newer technologies to supersede the current clinical outcomes of autografts and allografts with fewer side effects.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA

    Raymond P. Shupak

  2. Chemistry and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

    Jeffrey Hartgerink

  3. Undergraduate Studies, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

    Jeffrey Hartgerink

  4. Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

    Cheuk Sun Edwin Lai

  5. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Simon Young & James C. Melville

  6. Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA

    Alexis M. Linnebur

  7. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA

    Zachary S. Peacock

  8. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oregon Health Sciences School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, USA

    Srinivasa R. Chandra

  9. Oral, Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Surgical Associates, Portland, OR, USA

    Ashish Patel

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  1. Raymond P. Shupak
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  9. James C. Melville
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Correspondence to Raymond P. Shupak .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    James C. Melville

  2. School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA

    Paulo G. Coelho

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA

    Simon Young

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Shupak, R.P. et al. (2023). Trigeminal Nerve Reconstruction in Maxillofacial Surgery. In: Melville, J.C., Coelho, P.G., Young, S. (eds) Advancements and Innovations in OMFS, ENT, and Facial Plastic Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32099-6_19

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