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Androgen Receptor in Health and Disease

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Testosterone

Abstract

Testosterone and 5α–dihydrotestosterone acting through the androgen receptor (AR) direct virilization of the male fetus during embryogenesis, and the development of primary and secondary male sexual characteristics during puberty. During adulthood the AR signaling pathway is involved in maintaining the adult male phenotype, male reproduction, and functions of tissues such as bone and muscle.

AR is a ligand activated transcription factor member of the nuclear receptor family of protein. It regulates transcription of a network of genes by recruiting coregulator complexes leading to chromatin reorganization, and histone modification at target genomic loci. Besides being involved with a spectrum of clinical conditions that include the syndromes of androgen insensitivity, a form of motor neuron disease known as spinal bulbar muscular atrophy and male infertility, abnormalities of AR signaling are also responsible for initiation, progression, and treatment resistance of prostate cancer.

Thanks to the generation of transgenic animal models with conditional knock out of AR in a variety of target organs, it has been possible to recognize novel functions of AR signaling. Old and new aspects of AR physiopathology, together with emerging concepts on the role of AR signaling in females, breast cancer and polycystic ovarian disease, will be discussed in detail in this review.

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  1. Department of Internal Medicine - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

    Alexandre Hohl

  2. Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Marco Marcelli

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    Alexandre Hohl

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Hohl, A., Marcelli, M. (2023). Androgen Receptor in Health and Disease. In: Hohl, A. (eds) Testosterone. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31501-5_2

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