Skip to main content

Pathology of Lung Cancer

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Airway diseases
  • 673 Accesses

Abstract

Lung carcinomas are the most common type of carcinomas and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide regardless of gender [1].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Inamura K. Lung cancer: understanding its molecular pathology and the 2015 who classification. Front Oncol. 2017;28(7):193. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2017.00193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Travis WD, Brambilla E, Burke AP, Marx A, Nicholson AG, editors. World Health Organization classification of tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. Lyon: IARC; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Whithaus K, Fukuoka J, Prihoda TJ, et al. Evaluation of napsin A, cytokeratin 5/6, p63, and thyroid transcription factor 1 in adenocarcinoma versus squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012;136(2):155–62. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2011-0232-OA.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Osmani L, Askin F, Gabrielson E, et al. Current WHO guidelines and the critical role of immunohistochemical markers in the subclassification of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): Moving from targeted therapy to immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol. 2018;52:103–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.019.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Travis WD. lung cancer pathology: Current concepts. Clin Chest Med. 2020;41(1):67–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2019.11.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Yatabe Y, Dacic S, Borczuk AC, et al. Best practices recommendations for diagnostic immunohistochemistry in lung cancer. Thorac Oncol. 2019;14(3):377–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2018.12.005.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Jagirdar J. Application of immunohistochemistry to the diagnosis of primary and metastatic carcinoma to the lung. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2008;132(3):384–96. https://doi.org/10.1043/1543-2165(2008)132[384:AOITTD]2.0.CO;2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lin F, Chen Z. Standardization of diagnostic immunohistochemistry: literature review and geisinger experience. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014;138(12):1564–77. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2014-0074-RA.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Rekhtman N, Ang AC, Sima CS, et al. Immunohistochemical algorithm for differentiation of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma based on large series of whole-tissue sections with validation in small specimens. 2011;24(10):1348–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2011.92.

  10. Ocque R, Tochigi N, Ohori NP, et al. Usefulness of immunohistochemical and histochemical studies in the classification of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in cytologic specimens. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011;136(1):81–7. https://doi.org/10.1309/AJCPFKOLGL6PMOF3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ishizumi T, McWilliams A, MacAulay C, et al. Natural history of bronchial preinvasive lesions. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2010;29(1):5–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-010-9214-7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Rivera MP. Preinvasive lesions of the bronchus. Clin Chest Med. 2011;32(4):693–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2011.08.008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Breuer RH, Pasic A, Smit EF, et al. The natural course of preneoplastic lesions in bronchial epithelium. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:537–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nguyen C, Larsen NK, Dietz N, et al. Pulmonary atypical adenomatous hyperplasia: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Cureus. 2019;11(11) https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6079.

  15. Lambe G, Durand M, Buckley A, et al. Adenocarcinoma of the lung: from BAC to the future. Insights into Imaging. 2020;19:11(1):69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-020-00875-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kuhn E, Morbini P, Cancellieri A, et al. Adenocarcinoma classification: patterns and prognosis. Pathologica. 2018;110(1):5–11.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Butnor KJ (2020) Controversies and challenges in the histologic subtyping of lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res;9(3):839–846. doi: https://doi.org/10.21037/tlcr.2019.12.30.

  18. Weissferdt A, Kalhor N, Moran CA. Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma-bronchioloalveolar carcinoma-in situ adenocarcinoma: a conundrum. Adv Anat Pathol. 2013;20(5):347–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0b013e3182a28aa1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Travis WD. Pathology and diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors: lung neuroendocrine. Thorac Surg Clin. 2014;24:257–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hutchinson BD, Shroff GS, Truong MT, et al. Spectrum of lung adenocarcinoma. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2018;40(3):255–64. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.sult.2018.11.009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Suster S, Cesar AM. Biopsy interpretation of the lung. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Travis WD, Brambilla E, Geisinger KR. Histological grading in lung cancer: one system for al lor sperate systems for each histological type. Eur Repir J. 2016;47:720–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zheng M. Classification and pathology of lung cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2016;25:447–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bonastre E, Brambilla E, Sanchez-Cespedes M. Cell adhesion and polarity in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. 2016;238(5):606–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4686.

  25. Kadota K, Nitadori J, Woo KM, et al. Comprehensive pathological analyses in lung squamous cell carcinoma: single cell invasion, nuclear diameter, and tumor budding are independent prognostic factors for worse outcomes. Thorac Oncol. 2014;9(8):1126–39. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0000000000000253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Borczuk AC. Uncommon types of lung carcinoma with mixed histology: Sarcomatoid carcinoma, Adenosquamous carcinoma, and Mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018;142(8):914–21. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2017-0584-RA.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Travis WD. Pathology of lung cancer. Clin Chest Med. 2011;32:669–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2011.08.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Weissferdt A, Kalhor N, Canales R, et al. Spindle cell and pleomorphic (“sarcomatoid”) carcinomas of the lung: an immunohistochemical analysis of 86 cases. Hum Pathol. 2017;59:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2016.08.003.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Rao N. Adenosquamous carcinoma. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2014;31(4):271–7. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2014.06.004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Zhu F, Liu Z, Hou Y, et al. Primary salivary gland-type lung cancer: clinicopathological analysis of 88 cases from China. J Thorac Oncol. 2013;8(12):1578–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e3182a7d272.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Falk N, Weissferdt A, Kalhor N. Primary pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors: a review and update. Anat Pathol. 2016;23(1):13–23. https://doi.org/10.1097/PAP.0000000000000099.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Jeffus SK, Gardner JM, Steliga MA, et al. Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of the lung: case report and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol. 2017;148(1):73–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqx048.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Molina JR, Aubry MC, Lewis JE, et al. Primary salivary gland-type lung cancer: spectrum of clinical presentation, histopathologic and prognostic factors. Cancer. 2007;110(10):2253–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23048.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hung YP. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: updates and diagnostic pitfalls. 2019;12(4):1055–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.path.2019.08.012.

  35. Rekhtman N. Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: an update. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2010;134(11):1628–38. https://doi.org/10.1043/2009-0583-RAR.1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Naidoo J, Santos-Zabala M, Pietanza MC. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung: clinicopathologic features, treatment, and outcomes. Clin Lung Cancer. 2016;17(5):121–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Kalemkerian GP, Loo BW, Akerley W, et al. NCCN guidelines insights: small cell lung cancer. J Natl Comp Canc Netw. 2018;16(10):1171–82. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2018.0079.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Nicholson SA, Beasley MB, Brambilla E, et al. Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC): a clinical study of 100 cases with surgical specimens. Am J Surg Pathol. 2002;26:1184–97. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-200209000-00009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emine Dundar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dundar, E. (2023). Pathology of Lung Cancer. In: Cingi, C., Yorgancıoğlu, A., Bayar Muluk, N., Cruz, A.A. (eds) Airway diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22483-6_58-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22483-6_58-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-22482-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-22483-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics