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New Trends and Challenges of Smart Sensors Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

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Handbook of Nanosensors

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Abstract

The consistent environmental issues of population-driven intensified modern agricultural activities, urban growth, and industrialization lead to bargained environment quality because of pollution from toxic, assiduous, and bio-accumulative rising pollutants; hence it is crucial to detect them. Remarkably, electrochemical methods are appealing because of their advantages. The most recent progress in the electrochemical detection of environmental contaminations is discussed in this chapter. Polymer-based sensors are commonly utilized in environmental management because of their smart monitoring response, compact size, high sensitivity, and suitability in mild and natural conditions. Accordingly, this chapter delves into the potential of polymer nanocomposites (PNC)-based electrochemical sensor applications. It also investigates broad progress and concerns in polymer-based electrochemical sensor technology and also displayed different examples of the trendiest electrochemical sensor technologies concerning to PNC-based sensors. Furthermore, a strong emphasis has been assigned to the difficulties and developments in the current field of research.

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Abbreviations

Ag NPs:

Silver nanoparticles

CDL:

Double-layer capacitance

CE:

Counter electrode

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic antigen

CL:

Cross-linker

CLS:

Calcium lignosulfonate

CMs:

Co-monomers

CNDs:

Carbon nanodots

CPs:

Conducting polymers

CV:

Cyclic voltammetry

DPV:

Differential pulse voltammetry

EBNA-1:

Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1

ECL:

Electrochemiluminescence

EDL:

Electrical double layer

EIS:

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

EP:

Epinephrine

ErbB2:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

FET:

Field-effect transistors

FMs:

Functional monomers

GCE:

Glassy carbon electrode

GO:

Graphene oxide

GOD:

Glucose oxidase

HM:

Heavy metals

IIPs:

Ion-imprinted polymers

IOT:

Internet of things

LOD:

Low limit detection

MEMS:

Micro electromechanical system

MIPs:

Molecularly imprinted polymers

MMT:

Montmorillonite

NCNF:

N-doped

NEFA:

Non-esterified fatty acids

Nf:

Nafion

NIPA:

N-Isopropylacrylamide

NMNPs:

Noble metal nanoparticles

NMP22:

Nuclear matrix protein 22

PANI-AuNP:

Polyaniline-gold nanoparticle

PGR:

Porous graphene

PIR:

Passive infrared

PM:

Particle matter

PNC:

Polymer nanocomposites

Ppy:

Polypyrrole

PPy-Pt:

Polypyrene-platinum

PSA:

Prostate-specific antigen

QCM:

Quartz crystal microbalances

RCT:

Charge transfer resistance

RE:

Reference electrode

RMT:

Mass transfer resistance

S:

Solvents

SPEs:

Screen-printed electrodes

SWV:

Square wave voltammetry

T:

Template molecule

TNTs:

TiO2 nanotubes

UA:

Uric acid

UV:

Ultraviolet

VOCs:

Volatile organic compounds

W-Au:

Tungsten coated with gold

WE:

Working electrode

WGM:

Whispering-gallery microcavities

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Author notes

  1. Walaa S. Gado and Khalid I. Kabel contributed equally with all other contributors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Petrochemicals Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt

    Walaa S. Gado

  2. Petroleum Refining Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt

    M. A. Aboalkhair

  3. Petroleum Application Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt

    A. G. Al-Gamal & Khalid I. Kabel

Authors
  1. Walaa S. Gado
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  2. M. A. Aboalkhair
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  3. A. G. Al-Gamal
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  4. Khalid I. Kabel
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt

    Gomaa A. M. Ali

  2. Fac. of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan, Malaysia

    Kwok Feng Chong

  3. Advanced Materials Research, Stanley Black & Decker Inc, New Britain, CT, USA

    Abdel Salam H. Makhlouf

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Gado, W.S., Aboalkhair, M.A., Al-Gamal, A.G., Kabel, K.I. (2024). New Trends and Challenges of Smart Sensors Based on Polymer Nanocomposites. In: Ali, G.A.M., Chong, K.F., Makhlouf, A.S.H. (eds) Handbook of Nanosensors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16338-8_14-1

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