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Viral Fitness, Population Complexity, Host Interactions, and Resistance to Antiviral Agents

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Viral Fitness and Evolution

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 439))

Abstract

Fitness of viruses has become a standard parameter to quantify their adaptation to a biological environment. Fitness determinations for RNA viruses (and some highly variable DNA viruses) meet with several uncertainties. Of particular interest are those that arise from mutant spectrum complexity, absence of population equilibrium, and internal interactions among components of a mutant spectrum. Here, concepts, fitness measurements, limitations, and current views on experimental viral fitness landscapes are discussed. The effect of viral fitness on resistance to antiviral agents is covered in some detail since it constitutes a widespread problem in antiviral pharmacology, and a challenge for the design of effective antiviral treatments. Recent evidence with hepatitis C virus suggests the operation of mechanisms of antiviral resistance additional to the standard selection of drug-escape mutants. The possibility that high replicative fitness may be the driver of such alternative mechanisms is considered. New broad-spectrum antiviral designs that target viral fitness may curtail the impact of drug-escape mutants in treatment failures. We consider to what extent fitness-related concepts apply to coronaviruses and how they may affect strategies for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.

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Acknowledgements

The work was supported by grants SAF2014-52400-R from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), SAF2017-87846-R and BFU2017-91384-EXP from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), S2013/ABI-2906 (PLATESA from Comunidad de Madrid/FEDER), and S2018/BAA-4370 (PLATESA2 from Comunidad de Madrid/FEDER). This work was also supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (COVID-19 Research Call COV20/00181), and co‐financed by European Development Regional Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’. The work was also supported by grants CSIC-COV19-014 from Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), project 525/C/2021 from Fundació La Marató de TV3, PID2020-113888RB-I00 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and PI18/00210 and PI21/00139 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III. This research work was also funded by the European Commission - NextGenerationEU (Regulation EU 2020/2094), through CSIC's Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global). C.P. is supported by the Miguel Servet program of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CPII19/00001), cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). C.G.-C. is supported by predoctoral contract PRE2018-083422 from MCIU. CIBERehd (Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas) is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Institutional grants from the Fundación Ramón Areces and Banco Santander to the CBMSO are also acknowledged. The team at CBMSO belongs to the Global Virus Network (GVN).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Esteban Domingo, Carlos García-Crespo, María Eugenia Soria & Celia Perales

  2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain

    Esteban Domingo, Carlos García-Crespo, María Eugenia Soria & Celia Perales

  3. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Av. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    María Eugenia Soria & Celia Perales

  4. Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    Celia Perales

Authors
  1. Esteban Domingo
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  2. Carlos García-Crespo
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  3. María Eugenia Soria
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  4. Celia Perales
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Correspondence to Esteban Domingo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Madrid, Spain

    Esteban Domingo

  2. Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria

    Peter Schuster

  3. (CSIC-UV), Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, Valencia, Spain

    Santiago F. Elena

  4. (CSIC), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain

    Celia Perales

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Domingo, E., García-Crespo, C., Soria, M.E., Perales, C. (2023). Viral Fitness, Population Complexity, Host Interactions, and Resistance to Antiviral Agents. In: Domingo, E., Schuster, P., Elena, S.F., Perales, C. (eds) Viral Fitness and Evolution. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 439. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15640-3_6

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