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Anti-Viral Potential of Curcumins: Ethnopharmacology, Chemistry, and Clinical Studies Focusing on Mechanism of Action and Future Perspectives

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Anti-Viral Metabolites from Medicinal Plants

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

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Abstract

Viruses have always been a serious public health concern, and scientists have worked diligently to make new anti-viral medicines. Virus infections cause a variety of chronic and acute diseases in humans and animals. Despite substantial advancements in human medicine, a number of viral diseases, including hepatitis, respiratory syndromes, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, continue to be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in humans. Natural products, such as anti-virals, are a rich source of structurally unique chemical molecules derived from plants or other organisms. Many pathological illnesses have been treated with plant-derived medications in traditional medicine. The main source of curcumin and an ancient Asian coloring spice known as turmeric has long been used for a number of treatments. In addition to being a spice, food preservative, and coloring agent, turmeric has historically been used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat a variety of illnesses, including arthritis, ulcers, jaundice, wounds, fever, trauma, and skin illnesses like psoriasis. Turmeric’s main active ingredient is curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol. Since ancient times, Asia has used curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a low-molecular-weight orange-yellow substance derived from the roots of Curcuma longa L. (family Zingiberaceae), for therapeutic, culinary, and other uses. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the anticancer, anti-viral, antiarthritic, anti-amyloid, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin. Curcumin found active against series of viral infections caused by coronavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, influenza A virus, hepatitis virus, etc. This chapter mainly focuses on curcumin derivatives that have anti-viral action against human viruses and how they might be used to treat or prevent viral illness.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Arachidonic acid

ACE1:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1

ACE2:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

ADAM17:

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17

AKT:

Protein kinase B

ANG I:

Angiotensin I

Ang II:

Angiotensin II

APE1:

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1

ATII:

Alveolar type II cells

ATR1:

Angiotensin II (AII) receptor 1

Cmn :

Curcumin

CXCL-1:

Chemokine ligand 1

DAMPs:

Damage-associated molecular patterns

EBV:

Epstein bar virus

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

FGT:

Female genital tract

gp130:

Glycoprotein 130

GPIb-IX-V:

Glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V

GPVI:

Glycoprotein VI

HRSV:

Human respiratory syncytial virus

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel disease

IL-1β:

Interleukin 1 beta

IL-6R:

Interleukin 6 receptors

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

M6PRBP1:

Mannose-6-phosphate receptor binding protein 1

Mpro:

Main protease

mTOR:

Mammalian target of rapamycin

NET:

Neutrophil extracellular traps

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

PAMPs:

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

PI3K:

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase

PSGL-1:

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1

sIL-6R:

Soluble interleukin 6 receptor

STAT3:

Signal transducers and activators of transcription

Th17:

T helper 17 cells

TMPRSS2:

Transmembrane protease, serine 2

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

TP:

Thromboxane receptor

Tregs:

Regulatory T cells

TXA2:

Thromboxane A2

vWF:

Von Willebrand factor

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Dilipkumar Pal & Pooja Sahu

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Pal, D., Sahu, P. (2024). Anti-Viral Potential of Curcumins: Ethnopharmacology, Chemistry, and Clinical Studies Focusing on Mechanism of Action and Future Perspectives. In: Pal, D. (eds) Anti-Viral Metabolites from Medicinal Plants. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12199-9_30

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