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Medicinal Plants Against SARS-CoV/Corona Virus Infections: Ethnopharmacology, Chemistry, and Clinical and Preclinical Studies

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Anti-Viral Metabolites from Medicinal Plants

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

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Abstract

Recently, natural compounds have gained significant importance in health care, as they do not exhibit adverse effects compared to synthetic drugs. Since the dawn of civilization, plants have been one of the primary sources of medicine. Natural occurring medicinal plants, either alone or in combination, are widely used in the health care system. Medicinal plants can be a rich source of chemical substances with therapeutic potential. Coronavirus is an infectious disease that causes acute respiratory illness caused by a virus. Even a year after COVID-19’s first occurrence in Wuhan city, the number of cases is still rising daily throughout the world. SARS-CoV-2 infection spreads quickly and is distinct from other infections, probably due to variations in structural spike proteins. Patients suffering from critical conditions may die from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is characterized by rapid inflammatory reactions caused by the immune effector cells’ excessive production of cytokines and chemokines. This chapter reviews medicinal plants used against SARS-CoV or coronavirus infections, particularly emphasizing ethnopharmacology, chemistry, clinical, and preclinical studies. Various traditional herbs with medicinal values against coronavirus are discussed. AYUSH formulations that have advanced into pilot and full clinical trials against SAR-CoV-2 are also described. Phytoconstituents with potential against coronavirus were studied using activity miner studies, and cluster analysis; disparity and similarity scores were analyzed. To address the current problem, it is advised that promising AYUSH formulations and Indian medicinal plants be explored as soon as possible. This review can be utilized for both therapeutic and research purposes.

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Abbreviations

3CLpro:

“3-chymotrypsin-like protease”

ACE2:

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

IL:

Interleukin-6

MERS-CoV:

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus

N:

Nucleocapsid

PLpro:

Papain-like protease

pp.:

Polyprotein

RAAS:

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system;

RBD:

Receptor binding domain

RdRp:

“RNA-dependent RNA polymerase”

S :

Spike

SARS-CoV:

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

SoC:

Standard of care (SoC)

TM:

Traditional medicine

TMPRSS2:

Transmembrane protease serine

TNF-alpha:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

VoC:

Variant of concern

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Sowmya Andole, Narender Boggula, Jainendra Kumar Battineni, Vasudha Bakshi & Kiran Gangarapu

  2. University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, India

    Gouthami Thumma

  3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University-DPSRU, New Delhi, India

    Praveen Kumar Kusuma

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  1. Sowmya Andole
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  2. Gouthami Thumma
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  3. Praveen Kumar Kusuma
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  4. Narender Boggula
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  5. Jainendra Kumar Battineni
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  6. Vasudha Bakshi
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  7. Kiran Gangarapu
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Correspondence to Kiran Gangarapu .

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, India

    Dilipkumar Pal

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Andole, S. et al. (2024). Medicinal Plants Against SARS-CoV/Corona Virus Infections: Ethnopharmacology, Chemistry, and Clinical and Preclinical Studies. In: Pal, D. (eds) Anti-Viral Metabolites from Medicinal Plants. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12199-9_15

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