Abstract
Acoustics is an essential non-invasive approach to study fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). Knowledge of this species’ sound repertoire and of its acoustic communication is increasing rapidly with the implementation of a growing number of long-term passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) studies. As for other baleen whales, several works performed in the last decade have proven the importance of song studies in the assessment of population status and conservation. Understanding the structure and use of fin whale songs within and between populations and across different oceans represents the next necessary step to improve PAM capabilities in a highly pressured environment. Many differences still exist in the methodologies and tools applied for this purpose. This chapter presents a brief overview of the main metrics and software used to define fin whale songs and to assess the influence of noise on the detection of fin whale song, and the acoustic communication system of the species is presented.
References
Archer FI, Rankin S, Stafford KM, Castellote M, Delarue J (2020) Quantifying spatial and temporal variation of North Pacific fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) acoustic behavior. Mar Mamm Sci 36:224–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12640
Baumgartner MF, Mussoline SE (2011) A generalized baleen whale call detection and classification system. J Acoust Soc Am 129(5):2889–2902
Best P (2022) Automated detection and classification of cetacean acoustic signals. Machine learning [cs.LG]. Université de Toulon, English. tel-03826638
Best P, Marxer R, Paris S, Glotin H (2022) Temporal evolution of the Mediterranean fin whale song. Sci Rep 12:13565. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15379-0
Boisseau O, Gillespie R, Moscrop A (2008) Blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin (B. physalus) whale vocalisations measured from northern latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean. J Cetacean Res Manag 10:23–30
Castellote M, Clark CW, Lammers MO (2010) Potential negative effects in the reproduction and survival on fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) by shipping and airgun noise
Castellote M, Clark CW, Lammers MO (2012a) Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) population identity in the western Mediterranean Sea. Mar Mamm Sci 28:325–344
Castellote M, Clark CW, Lammers MO (2012b) Acoustic and behavioural changes by fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in response to shipping and airgun noise. Biol Conserv 147:115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2011.12.021
Charif RA, Mellinger DK, Dunsmore KJ, Fristrup KM, Clark CW (2002) Estimated source levels of fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) vocalizations: adjustments for surface interference. Mar Mamm Sci 18(1):81–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2002.tb01020.x
Clark CW, Borsani JF, Notarbartolo-Di-sciara G (2002) Vocal activity of fin whales, Balaenoptera physalus, in the Ligurian Sea. Mar Mamm Sci 18(1):286–295
Clark C, Ellison W, Southall B, Hatch L, Van Parijs S, Frankel A, Ponirakis D (2009) Acoustic masking in marine ecosystems: intuitions, analysis, and implication. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 395:201–222. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08402
Clark CW, Gagnon GJ, Frankel AS (2019) Fin whale singing decreases with increased swimming speed. R Soc Open Sci 6:180525. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180525
Constaratas AN, McDonald MA, Goetz KT, Giorli G (2021) Fin whale acoustic populations present in New Zealand waters: description of song types, occurrence and seasonality using passive acoustic monitoring. PLoS One 16:e0253737. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253737
Cooke JG (2018) Balaenoptera physalus. The IUCN red list of threatened species 2018: e.T2478A50349982. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T2478A50349982.en. Accessed 12 Jan 2023
Crane NL, Lashkari K (1996) Sound production of gray whales, Eschrichtius robustus, along their migration route: a new approach to signal analysis. J Acoust Soc Am 100(3):1878–1886
Croll DA, Clark CW, Acevedo A, Tershy B, Flores S, Gedamke J, Urban J (2002) Only male fin whales sing loud songs. Nature 417(6891):809–809
Delarue J, Martin B, Hannay D, Berchok CL (2013) Acoustic occurrence and affiliation of fin whales detected in the northeastern Chukchi Sea, July to October 2007–10. Arctic 66:159–172
Edds-Walton PL (1997) Acoustic communication signals of mysticete whales. Bioacoustics 8(1–2):47–60
Fletcher H, Munson WA (1933) Loudness, it definition, measurement and calculation. J Acoust Soc Am 5:82–108
Furumaki S, Tsujii K, Mitani Y (2021) Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) song pattern in the southern Chukchi Sea. Polar Biol 44:1021–1027. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-021-02855-y
Garcia HA, Zhu C, Schinault ME, Kaplan AI, Handegard NO, Godø OR, … Ratilal P (2019) Temporal–spatial, spectral, and source level distributions of fin whale vocalizations in the Norwegian Sea observed with a coherent hydrophone array. ICES Journal of Marine Science 76(1):268–283
Helble TA, Guazzo RA, Alongi GC, Martin CR, Martin SW, Henderson EE (2020) Fin whale song patterns shift over time in the central North Pacific. Front Mar Sci 7:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.587110
Kershenbaum A, Blumstein DT, Roch M A, Akçay Ç, Backus G, Bee M A, …, Zamora-Gutierrez V (2016) Acoustic sequences in non-human animals: a tutorial review and prospectus. Biol Rev 91(1):13–52
Kowarski KA, Moors-Murphy H (2021) A review of big data analysis methods for baleen whale passive acoustic monitoring. Mar Mamm Sci 37(2):652–673. https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.12758
Mcdonald MA, Fox CG (1999) Passive acoustic methods applied to fin whale population density estimation. J Acoust Soc Am 105:2643–2651
Mcdonald MA, Hildebrand JA, Webb SC (1995) Blue and fin whales observed on a seafloor array Pacific. J Acoust Soc Am 98(2):712–721
Mellinger DK (2001) Ishmael 1.0 user’s guide. NOAA technical memorandum OAR PMEL-120. NOAA/PMEL, Seattle, pp 98115–96349
Mellinger DK (2004) A comparison of methods for detecting right whale calls. Can Acoust 32:55–65
Mellinger DK, Clark CW (2000) Recognizing transient low-frequency whale sounds by spectrogram correlation. J Acoust Soc Am 107:3518–3529
Merchant ND, Fristrup KM, Johnson MP, Tyack PL, Matthew J, Blondel P, Parks SE (2015) Measuring acoustic habitats. Methods Ecol Evol. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12330
Miksis-Olds JL, Vernon JA, Heaney KD (2015) The impact of ocean sound dynamics on estimates of signal detection range. Aquat Mamm 41(4):444–454. https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.41.4.2015.444
Møller H, Pedersen CS (2004) Hearing at low and infrasonic frequencies. Noise Health 6(23):37–57
Morano JL, Salisbury DP, Rice AN, Conklin KL, Falk KL, Clark CW (2012) Seasonal and geographical patterns of fin whale song in the western North Atlantic Ocean. J Acoust Soc Am 132:1207–1212. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4730890
Mouy X, Gl-a Q, Bahoura M (2014) Automatic recognition of fin and blue whale calls for real-time monitoring in the St. Lawrence. J Acoust Soc Am 126(6):2918–2928. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3257588
Oleson EM, Širović A, Bayless AR, Hildebrand JA (2014) Synchronous seasonal change in fin whale song in the North Pacific. PLoS One 9:e115678. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115678
Panigada S, Gauffier P, Notarbartolo di Sciara G (2021) Balaenoptera physalus (Mediterranean subpopulation). The IUCN red list of threatened species 2021: e.T16208224A50387979. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T16208224A50387979.en. Accessed 10 Jan 2023
Pereira A, Harris D, Tyack P, Matias L (2020) Fin whale acoustic presence and song characteristics in seas to the southwest of Portugal. J Acoust Soc Am 147:2235–2249. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001066
Pintore L, Sciacca V, Viola S, Giacoma C, Papale E, Giorli G (2021) Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) in the Ligurian Sea: preliminary study on acoustics demonstrates their regular occurrence in autumn. J Mar Sci Eng 9(9):966
Rankin S, Castellote M, Delarue J, Stafford K, Archer FI, Koot B, Richlen M, Thompson J, Ford J, Williams R, Morano JL (2018) Methods for characterizing fin whale song notes for comparative studies of geographic variation in song (NOAA technical memorandum NMFS-SWFSC-592). U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC
Rodriguez A, Laio A (2014) Clustering by fast search and find of density peaks. Science 344:1492–1496
Romagosa M, Pérez-Jorge S, Cascão I, Mouriño H, Lehodey P, Pereira A, Marques TA, Matias L, Silva MA (2021) Food talk: 40-Hz fin whale calls are associated with prey biomass. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 288(1954):20211156
Roman J, Mccarthy JJ (2010) The whale pump: marine mammals enhance primary productivity in a Coastal Basin. PLoS One 5(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013255
Roman J, Estes JA, Morissette L, Smith C, Costa D, McCarthy J, …, Smetacek V (2014) Whales as marine ecosystem engineers. Front Ecol Environ 12(7):377–385
Samaran F, Adam O, Guinet C (2010) Detection range modeling of blue whale calls in Southwestern Indian Ocean. Applied Acoustics 71(11):1099–1106
Schall E, Parcerisas C (2022) A robust method to automatically detect fin whale acoustic presence in large and diverse passive acoustic datasets. J Mar Sci Eng 10(12):1831
Sciacca V, Caruso F, …, Riccobene G (2015) Annual acoustic presence of Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) Offshore Eastern Sicily, Central Mediterranean Sea. PLoS One 10:e0141838. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141838
Sciacca V, Viola S, …, Pavan G (2016) Shipping noise and seismic airgun surveys in the Ionian Sea: Potential impact on Mediterranean fin whale. In: Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics 4ENAL, vol 27(1). Acoustical Society of America, p 040010
Simon M, Stafford KM, Beedholm K, Lee CM, Madsen PT (2010) Singing behavior of fin whales in the Davis Strait with implications for mating, migration and foraging. J Acoust Soc Am 128:3200–3210
Širović A, Hildebrand JA, Wiggins SM (2007) Blue and fin whale call source levels and propagation range in the Southern Ocean. J Acoust Soc Am 122(2):1208–1215. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2749452
Širović A, Hildebrand JA, Wiggins SM, Thiele D (2009) Blue and fin whale acoustic presence around Antarctica during 2003 and 2004. Mar Mamm Sci 25:125–136
Širović A, Williams LN, Kerosky SM, Wiggins SM, Hildebrand JA (2013) Temporal separation of two fin whale call types across the eastern North Pacific. Mar Biol 160(1):47–57
Širović A, Rice A, Chou E, Hildebrand J, Wiggins S, Roch M (2015) Seven years of blue and fin whale call abundance in the Southern California Bight. Endanger Species Res 28:61–76. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00676
Širović A, Oleson EM, Buccowich J, Rice A, Bayless AR (2017) Fin whale song variability in southern California and the Gulf of California. Sci Rep 7:10126
Soule DC, Wilcock WS (2013) Fin whale tracks recorded by a seismic network on the Juan de Fuca ridge, Northeast Pacific Ocean. J Acoust Soc Am 133(3):1751–1761
Stafford KM, Mellinger DK, Moore SE, Fox CG (2007) Seasonal variability and detection range modeling of baleen whale calls in the Gulf of Alaska, 1999–2002. J Acoust Soc Am 122(6):3378–3390
Thompson PO, Findley LT, Vidal O (1992) 20-Hz pulses and other vocalizations of fin whales, Balaenoptera physalus, in the Gulf of California, Mexico. J Acoust Soc Am 92(6):3051–3057
Urazghildiiev IR, Clark CW (2007) Acoustic detection of North Atlantic right whale contact calls using spectrogram-based statistics. J Acoust Soc Am 122(2):769–776
Viola S, Grammauta R, Sciacca V, Bellia G, Beranzoli L, Buscaino G, …, Riccobene G (2017) Continuous monitoring of noise levels in the Gulf of Catania (Ionian Sea). Study of correlation with ship traffic. Mar Pollut Bull 121(1–2):97–103
Watkins WA (1981) Activities and underwater sounds of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). Sci Rep Whales Res Inst Tokyo 33:83–117
Watkins WA, Tyack P, Moore KE, Bird JE (1987) The 20-Hz signals of finback whales (Balaenoptera physalus). J Acoust Soc Am 82(6):1901–1912
Weirathmueller MJ, Wilcock WS, Soule DC (2013) Source levels of fin whale 20 Hz pulses measured in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. J Acoust Soc Am 133(2):741–749
Weirathmueller MJ, Stafford KM, Wilcock WSD, Hilmo RS, Dziak RP, Tréhu AM (2017) Spatial and temporal trends in fin whale vocalizations recorded in the NE Pacific Ocean between 2003–2013. PLoS One 12:e0186127. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186127
Wilkinson M, Dumontier M, Aalbersberg I …, Mons B (2016) The FAIR guiding principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Sci Data 3:160018
Wood M, Širović A (2022) Characterization of fin whale song off the Western Antarctic peninsula. PLoS One 17:e0264214
Zimmer WMX (2011) Passive acoustic monitoring of cetaceans. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Sciacca, V., Morello, G., Filiciotto, F. (2023). Measuring Fin Whale Songs in a Noisy Environment. In: Popper, A.N., Sisneros, J., Hawkins, A.D., Thomsen, F. (eds) The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10417-6_148-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10417-6_148-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-10417-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-031-10417-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences