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Neurological Complications of COVID-19

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Frontiers of COVID-19

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Abstract

The neurological complications of COVID-19 are an expansive and heterogeneous topic. This chapter discusses the neuropathophysiology of COVID-19 and the potential mechanisms through which the disease leads to neurological manifestations while also exploring historical viruses that have also led to neurological sequelae. These complications are then characterized and classified into several groups with support from contemporaneous evidence. In addition to this we examine common neurological imaging and their findings and finally discuss the greatest needs moving forward with regard to evidence and research through collaborative efforts.

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Acknowledgments

All the authors are thankful to their teammates and collaborators. They also thank all health workers around the world who are dealing with this pandemic; all the authors express their deepest condolences and offer a heartfelt thanks to all colleagues fallen fighting against this invisible enemy, as well as to their families.

Disclosure Statement

DW, RA, GKW, EP, IAI, and FL declare no conflict of interest and do not receive any financial aid. BDM is supported to conduct COVID-19 neuroscience research by the UKRI/MRC (MR/V03605X/1); for additional neurological inflammation research due to viral infection BDM is also supported by grants from the MRC/UKRI (MR/V007181//1), MRC (MR/T028750/1) and Wellcome (ISSF201902/3).

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: DW, RA, FL, and BDM.; literature research, screening, and selection: DW, RA, GKW, EP, and IAI; original draft preparation: all authors; writing and editing: all authors.

All the authors have read and approved the definitive version of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK

    Dean Walton, Greta Karen Wood & Benedict Daniel Michael

  2. Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), Milan, Italy

    Roberto Acampora

  3. Neurology and Stroke-Unit, Hospital Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy

    Roberto Acampora

  4. Clinical Infection Microbiology and Neuroimmunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, Liverpool, UK

    Greta Karen Wood & Benedict Daniel Michael

  5. The NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection, Liverpool, UK

    Greta Karen Wood & Benedict Daniel Michael

  6. Ophthalmology Unit, ASST Sette Laghi, Circolo Hospital and Macchi Foundation, Varese, Italy

    Elias Premi

  7. Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

    Elias Premi

  8. Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

    Ingrid Andreea Ilie

  9. Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Francesco Lanfranchi

Authors
  1. Dean Walton
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  2. Roberto Acampora
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  3. Greta Karen Wood
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  4. Elias Premi
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  5. Ingrid Andreea Ilie
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  6. Francesco Lanfranchi
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  7. Benedict Daniel Michael
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benedict Daniel Michael .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Sasan Adibi

  2. School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Paul Griffin

  3. Clinical - Vaccines, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Zürich, Switzerland

    Melvin Sanicas

  4. Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Maryam Rashidi

  5. Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Francesco Lanfranchi

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Walton, D. et al. (2022). Neurological Complications of COVID-19. In: Adibi, S., Griffin, P., Sanicas, M., Rashidi, M., Lanfranchi, F. (eds) Frontiers of COVID-19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08045-6_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08045-6_18

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-031-08044-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-031-08045-6

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