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Blood Count Profiles as Biomarkers in Burns: Red Cells, Platelets, and Beyond

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Biomarkers in Trauma, Injury and Critical Care

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Abstract

The search for biomarkers that help physicians in medical practice has been a topic of great interest in the last decades. Burned patients represent a particular challenge due to the non-infectious systemic inflammatory response that characterizes thermal injury and the high incidence of sepsis in this population. Procalcitonin, a classic biomarker of infection, has demonstrated utility for identification of sepsis in burned patients. In contrast, C-reactive protein does not seem to improve infection diagnostic accuracy in this population. Diverse cytokines have also been studied as potential biomarkers in burned patients. Among these, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 have shown a predictive value for different outcomes. Considering the importance of availability of biomarkers in everyday clinical practice, parameters derived from complete blood count have raised as interesting tools. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and RDW-to-platelet ratio (RPR) have demonstrated usefulness in burned patients. A dynamic profile of these biomarkers can be observed, with significant differences between survivors and non-survivors. The integration of some of these biomarkers with clinical scores could help physicians to better understand and treat burned patients.

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Abbreviations

AKI:

Acute kidney injury

ARDS:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

AUC:

Area under the curve

BALF:

Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

CBC:

Complete blood count

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CRP:

C-reactive protein

FEV1:

Forced expiratory volume in 1 s

FVC:

Forced vital capacity

Hb:

Hemoglobin

Htc:

Hematocrit

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

IL-10:

Interleukin-10

IL-1a:

Interleukin-1a

IL-8:

Interleukin-8

LAP:

Latency-associated peptide

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1

MLR:

Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio

MODS:

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

MPV:

Mean platelet volume

NF-κB:

Nuclear transcription factor kappa B

NGAL:

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin

NLR:

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio

PC:

Platelet count

PCT:

Procalcitonin

PLR:

Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio

RBC:

Red blood cell count

RDW:

Red blood cell distribution width

RPR:

Ratio between RDW and platelet count

SIRS:

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

TBSA:

Total body surface area

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

WBC:

White blood cells

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Intensive Care, National Burn Unit, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Ignacio Aramendi & Martín Angulo

  2. Department of Intensive Care, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Gastón Burghi

Authors
  1. Ignacio Aramendi
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  2. Martín Angulo
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  3. Gastón Burghi
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University of Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Rajkumar Rajendram

  2. School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy

  3. School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

    Vinood B. Patel

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Aramendi, I., Angulo, M., Burghi, G. (2023). Blood Count Profiles as Biomarkers in Burns: Red Cells, Platelets, and Beyond. In: Rajendram, R., Preedy, V.R., Patel, V.B. (eds) Biomarkers in Trauma, Injury and Critical Care. Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07395-3_19

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