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Some Noncommunicable Diseases of the Central Nervous System with a Possible Infectious Etiology (in Collaboration with V.A. Orlova, I.I. Mikhailova, A.A. Garbuzov, D.A. Khavkina, P.V. Chukhliaev, T.A. Ruzhentsova I. L. Naidenova, A. B. Danilov, A.V. Simonova, E.G. Filatova, I.A. Pavlovsky, O.V. Bystrova, A.M. Zatevalov, S.L. Bezrodny, T.Sh. Sadekov)

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Infectious Lesions of the Central Nervous System

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Abstract

The authors’ review and own data are presented, indicating the possible role of infectious agents as an etiologic factor of schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis (SHAP), Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, migraine, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

The results of a multidisciplinary study (psychiatric, immunological, immunochemical, neurophysiological, structural MRI, MR angiography) of 180 patients with schizophrenia and SHAP made it possible to substantiate the presence in patients of a chronic polyinfectious process in which herpesviruses are the most significant etiological factor. This process is associated with psychiatric disorders, and is also manifested by inflammatory and degenerative symptoms in brain tissues, cerebral vessels and the collector system, which allows us to raise the question of defining the disease as atypical encephalitis.

Possible pathogens that can both activate and initiate a pathological process in the brain tissues in Alzheimer's disease are considered. The available data on the influence of pathogens on the occurrence and progression of atherosclerosis are analyzed. The authors’ own research results using PCR diagnostics of autopsy material are presented. The dependence of vascular lesions on the detection of infectious agents is shown.

Literature and own data evaluating the possible role of different pathogens in the development of lesions of atherosclerotic origin, including stroke, are discussed specially. Clinical aspects, results of molecular biological and morphological study are presented.

For the first time, the authors present the features of the microbial landscape of the pharynx of patients with migraine – the association of pathogenic microorganisms (herpesviruses, cocci) in the presence of dysbiosis in the throat (a decrease in the content of normal microflora characteristic of the oropharynx, and the appearance of intestinal microflora, normally not peculiar to it) is described. The degree of disruption of the throat microbiota correlated with the severity of the clinical picture of the disease. The etiotropic therapy carried out led to a narrowing or complete disappearance of migraine attacks.

A review of publications on the influence of infectious agents and the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the oropharyngeal microbiota on the dynamics of ASD is presented. Modern ideas about the role of propionic acid, the level of which increases with endotoxemia, in the development of inflammation of brain structures and aggravation of symptoms in ASD are analyzed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    According to modern ideas about multifactorial diseases, which include schizophrenia, the concept of risk factor (environmental, genetic) coincides with the concept of etiopathogenetic factor. However, at present, the question of removing a number of diseases of this group into the category of atypical slow infections has been raised.

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  1. Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint Petersburg, Russia

    Vsevolod Zinserling

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Zinserling, V. (2022). Some Noncommunicable Diseases of the Central Nervous System with a Possible Infectious Etiology (in Collaboration with V.A. Orlova, I.I. Mikhailova, A.A. Garbuzov, D.A. Khavkina, P.V. Chukhliaev, T.A. Ruzhentsova I. L. Naidenova, A. B. Danilov, A.V. Simonova, E.G. Filatova, I.A. Pavlovsky, O.V. Bystrova, A.M. Zatevalov, S.L. Bezrodny, T.Sh. Sadekov) . In: Infectious Lesions of the Central Nervous System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96260-9_20

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