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Influence of Environmental Factors on the Epigenome

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Epigenetic Epidemiology

Abstract

In this chapter we consider the role of environmental factors on the epigenome. The importance of research into exposures that may alter epigenetic marks is now well recognized. Relations of exposures such as tobacco, alcohol, diet, endocrine disruptors, metals, and environmental contaminants with epigenetic states have been investigated and are reviewed here. We will briefly cover environmental exposures and imprinting and development, as well as discuss potential mechanisms for exposures to modify epigenetic states. Appropriate epidemiologic studies are crucial to understanding the true effect of environmental exposures on the human epigenome and this work is urgently needed to better understand the biology of epigenetic alterations which may constitute biology underlying risk for pathogenesis of disease. With a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of exposures on the epigenome (including consideration of genetic background), not only will the prediction of the toxic potential of new compounds be more readily achieved, but precision prevention and intervention strategies also may be developed.

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Abbreviations

ADHD:

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

ART:

assisted reproductive technology

AUC:

area under the curve

BMI:

body mass index

BPA:

bisphenol A

BPF:

bisphenol F

BPS:

bisphenol S

DES:

diethylstilbestrol

DMRs:

differentially methylated regions

EWAS:

Epigenome wide association study

GST:

glutathione transferase

H3K4:

Histone 3 lysine 4

HNSCC:

head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

ICR:

imprinting control regions

IQR:

inter-quartile range

LINE:

long interspersed nucleotide elements

mQTL:

methylation quantitative trait loci

NTD:

neural tube defects

PBMC:

peripheral blood mononuclear cells

PCBs:

polychlorinated biphenyls

PFASs:

per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances

PM10:

inhalable particulate matter

PM2.5:

fine particulate matter

RRBS:

reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing

SAM:

S-adenosyl methionine

UV:

ultraviolet

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA

    Brock C. Christensen

  2. Department of Environmental Health, and Department of Epidemiology, Emory School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Todd M. Everson & Carmen J. Marsit

  3. Department of Epidemiology, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Karl T. Kelsey

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  1. Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, USA

    Karin B. Michels

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Christensen, B.C., Everson, T.M., Marsit, C.J., Kelsey, K.T. (2022). Influence of Environmental Factors on the Epigenome. In: Michels, K.B. (eds) Epigenetic Epidemiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94475-9_12

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