Abstract
Fuel-rich operated HCCI engines are suitable for the polygeneration of work, heat, and base chemicals like synthesis gas (CO + H2). Under favorable conditions, these engines are exergetically more efficient than separate steam reformer and cogeneration gas engines. However, to achieve ignition, reactive fuel additives like dimethyl ether or ozone must be supplied, which have some, probably negative and not yet quantified, impacts on the exergetic efficiency.
Therefore, the aim of this work is to compute and evaluate the effect of DME and ozone on the exergy input and exergetic efficiency of fuel-rich operated HCCI engines, which convert natural gas at equivalence ratios of 1.5 to 2.5.
Results of a single-zone-model (SZM) and a multi-zone model (MZM) are compared to analyze the influence of inhomogeneities in the cylinder on the system’s exergetic efficiency. Natural gas as fuel is compared with previous neat methane results.
The single-zone model results show that natural gas is much more reactive than methane. Ethane and propane convert partially in the compression stroke and lead to ethene, propene, and OH radicals. However, the ethane and propane conversions do not favor but slightly reduce the formation of methyl hydroperoxide, which is an important buffer molecule for fuel-rich methane ignition. But in addition, further buffer molecules like ethene or ethyl hydroperoxide are intermediately formed. The product selectivities are neither influenced by the natural gas composition, nor by the chosen additive.
Compared to ozone, the DME molar and mass fractions needed for ignition are up to 11 times higher, and its exergy contribution to the total mixture is even 95 times higher. Therefore, the system’s exergetic efficiency is much higher when ozone is chosen as additive: reasonable values of up to 82.8% are possible, compared to 67.7% with DME. The multi-zone model results show that the efficiency is strongly dependent on the fuel conversion and thus unconverted fuel should be recycled within the polygeneration system to maintain high efficiencies. Comparing the total exergetic efficiency, ozone is a favorable additive for fuel-rich operated HCCI polygeneration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Karim, G.A., Wierzba, I.: The production of hydrogen through the uncatalyzed partial oxidation of methane in an internal combustion engine. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 2105–2110 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.01.051
Lim, E.G., et al.: The engine reformer: Syngas production in an engine for compact gas-to-liquids synthesis. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 94, 623–635 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.22443
Banke, K., Hegner, R., Schröder, D., Schulz, C., Atakan, B., Kaiser, S.A.: Power and syngas production from partial oxidation of fuel-rich methane/DME mixtures in an HCCI engine. Fuel 243, 97–103 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.01.076
Wiemann, S., Hegner, R., Atakan, B., Schulz, C., Kaiser, S.A.: Combined production of power and syngas in an internal combustion engine – experiments and simulations in SI and HCCI mode. Fuel 215, 40–45 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.11.002
Kaczmarek, D., Atakan, B., Kasper, T.: Investigation of the partial oxidation of methane/n-heptane-mixtures and the interaction of methane and n-heptane under ultra-rich conditions. Combust. Flame 205, 345–357 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.04.005
Hegner, R., Werler, M., Schießl, R., Maas, U., Atakan, B.: Fuel-rich HCCI engines as chemical reactors for polygeneration: a modeling and experimental study on product species and thermodynamics. Energy Fuels 31, 14079–14088 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02150
Kebriaei, M., HalvaeiNiasar, A., Ketabi, A.: A new pulsed power generator topology for corona discharge. In: 2016 7th Power Electronics and Drive Systems Technologies Conference (PEDSTC), 16−18 Feb 2016, pp. 577–581. IEEE, Tehran, Iran (2016)
Keum, S., Kuo, T.W.: Damköhler number analysis on the effect of ozone on auto-ignition and flame propagation in internal combustion engines. In: Volume 1: Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion, 4 November 2018, V001T03A002. ASME, San Diego, California (2018)
Sayssouk, S., Nelson-Gruel, D., Caillol, C., Higelin, P., Chamaillard, Y.: Towards control of HCCI combustion by ozone addition: a mathematical approach to estimate combustion parameters. In: IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 49, pp. 361–368 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.08.054
Schröder, D., Banke, K., Kaiser, S.A., Atakan, B.: The kinetics of methane ignition in fuel-rich HCCI engines: DME replacement by ozone. In: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol. 38, pp. 5567−5574 (2020).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.05.046
Duan, X., et al.: Effects of natural gas composition and compression ratio on the thermodynamic and combustion characteristics of a heavy-duty lean-burn SI engine fueled with liquefied natural gas. Fuel 254, 115733 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115733
Kaczmarek, D., et al.: Plug-flow reactor and shock-tube study of the oxidation of very fuel-rich natural gas/DME/O2 mixtures. Combust. Flame 225, 86–103 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.10.004
Zhang, X., Solli, C., Hertwich, E.G., Tian, X., Zhang, S.: Exergy analysis of the process for dimethyl ether production through biomass steam gasification. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48, 10976–10985 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie900199e
Goodwin, D.G., Speth, R.L., Moffat, H.K., Weber, B.W.: Cantera: an object-oriented software toolkit for chemical kinetics, thermodynamics, and transport processes (2021). https://www.cantera.org. Version 2.4.0
Komninos, N.P., Rakopoulos, C.D.: Heat transfer in HCCI phenomenological simulation models: a review. Appl. Energy 181, 179–209 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.061
Komninos, N.P., Hountalas, D.T., Kouremenos, D.A.: Development of a new multi-zone model for the description of physical processes in HCCI engines. In: SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-0562. https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0562
Yang, J., Martin, J.K.: Approximate solution—one-dimensional energy equation for transient, compressible, low mach number turbulent boundary layer flows. J. Heat Transf. 111, 619–624 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3250727
Woschni, G.: A universally applicable equation for the instantaneous heat transfer coefficient in the internal combustion engine. In: SAE Technical Paper 670931. https://doi.org/10.4271/670931
Chang, J., et al.: New heat transfer correlation for an HCCI engine derived from measurements of instantaneous surface heat flux. In: SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-2996. https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-2996
Burke, U., et al.: An ignition delay and kinetic modeling study of methane, dimethyl ether, and their mixtures at high pressures. Combust. Flame 162, 315–330 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.08.014
Zhao, H., Yang, X., Ju, Y.: Kinetic studies of ozone assisted low temperature oxidation of dimethyl ether in a flow reactor using molecular-beam mass spectrometry. Combust. Flame 173, 187–194 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.08.008
Fujian Newland Entech Company, Ozone Portfolio (2017). https://newlandentecheurope.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Newland-EnTech-Europe_Ozone.pdf. Accessed 24 Feb 2021
Atakan, B., et al.: Flexible energy conversion and storage via high-temperature gas-phase reactions: The piston engine as a polygeneration reactor. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 133, 110264 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110264
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), grant number 229243862 (AT24/13–3) within the framework of the DFG research unit FOR 1993 ‘Multi-functional conversion of chemical species and energy’. The authors gratefully acknowledge the DFG for the financial support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Freund, D., Horn, C., Atakan, B. (2022). Fuel-Rich Natural Gas Conversion in HCCI Engines with Ozone and Dimethyl Ether as Ignition Promoters: A Kinetic and Exergetic Analysis. In: King, R., Peitsch, D. (eds) Active Flow and Combustion Control 2021. AFCC 2021. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, vol 152 . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90727-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90727-3_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-90726-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-90727-3
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)