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Rhombomere 7 r7

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The Human Brainstem

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Abstract

Rhombomere 7 is the origin of another vestibular nucleus—previously the spinal/inferior vestibular nucleus (see Chap. 5)—the medial vestibular nucleus. Among the branchial motor nuclei, the inferior salivatory nucleus shows up. The innervation of the parotid gland will be explained here. Another important cranial nerve is the vagus nerve—the viscerosensory part of which had been dealt with in Chap. 3—with its motor nucleus. The course of this nerve will be shown here to the plethora of inner organs to which it provides the parasympathetic innervation. The last of the caudal raphe nuclei—previously the raphe pallidus and obscurus nuclei (see Chap. 4)—the raphe magnus nucleus, the largest of the caudal raphe nuclei, is described. The pontine reticular nucleus is involved in the generation of horizontal saccades.

Among the reticular nuclei listed here, the human one is the lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, located in a region that regulates homeostatic functions, e.g., blood pressure and cardiovascular reflexes.

The pathological units dealt with here are Huntington’s disease and the wide spectrum of the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) which despite their traditional name affect not only the spinal cord and the cerebellum but quite a number of brainstem nuclei.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Porto, Portugal

    Hannsjörg Schröder

  2. Alkmaar, The Netherlands

    Rob A. I. de Vos

  3. Institute of Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany

    Stefan Huggenberger & Lennart Müller-Thomsen

  4. Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Annemieke Rozemuller

  5. Rückenzentrum Grafenberg, Neurochirurgische Praxis, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Farman Hedayat

  6. Köln, Germany

    Natasha Moser

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Schröder, H. et al. (2023). Rhombomere 7 r7. In: The Human Brainstem. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89980-6_7

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