Skip to main content

Development of the Business Model and User Experience for a Pill Dispenser: A Designer Perspective

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Advances in Design and Digital Communication II (DIGICOM 2021)

Abstract

The elderly population has been significantly increasing all over the world, causing an emerging need to create products that facilitate the day-to-day life of this population and that prolong their independence in a domestic environment. This article focuses on the first phase of an investigation project which aims at creating a device that stores and dispenses pills automatically with the integration of a virtual assistant. In this first phase it was intended to define the user experience and business model for the product based on the state of the art, that addresses topics such as the problems resulting from aging, ambient assisted living, and current solutions available in the market for domestic environments, such as virtual assistants and pill dispensers. As a result, it was possible to determine that the product will have three type of user experiences, namely in the domestic environment, in hospitals and nursing homes/day centers/continuous care units and these experiences allowed it to define the business model much more clearly. In conclusion, this article will allow to proceed to the next phase of the project.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Gonçalves, C., Carrilho, M.L.: Ageing – an increasing phenomenon with geographical differences. Revista de Estudos Demográficos 40, 21–37 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Orimo, H., Ito, H., Suzuki, T., Araki, A., Hosoi, T., Sawabe, M.: Reviewing the definition of “elderly.” Geriatr. Gerontol. Int. 6(3), 149–158 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0594.2006.00341.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. World Health Organization. World report And Ageing on Health (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Advinha, A.M.M.: Avaliação da Capacidade Funcional da População Idosa na Gestão da Sua Medicação (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Reinhard, S.C., Given, B., Petlick, N.H., Bemis, A.: Supporting family caregivers in providing care. patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for nurses (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Benyon, D., Turner, P., Turner, S.: Designing Interactive Systems. Addison Wesley, Boston (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Osterwalder, A., Pigneur, Y.: Business Model Generation. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ferreira, L., Filho, D.E.B., Janeiro, R.I.O.D.E.: O processo de envelhecimento. Psicologia, Licenciatu, pp. 1–15. Ficha no. 27 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Nogueira, A.R.C., Oliveira, B., Afonso, C.: Referências antropométricas para a população adulta e idosa Portuguesa. Faculdade de Ciencias Da Nutricão e Alimentação Da Universidade Do Porto, Tese de Mestrado (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Fernihough, A., McGovern, M.E.: Physical stature decline and the health status of the elderly population in England. Econ Hum Biol. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2013.12.010.Physical

  11. Wei, H., Lei, X., Ridder, G., Strauss, J., Zhao, Y.: Health, height, height shrinkage, and SES at older ages: evidence from China. Am. Econ. J. (2013). https://doi.org/10.1257/app.5.2.86.Health

  12. Drummond, A., dos Paz, C.C.S. C., deMenezes, R. L.: Proprioceptive activities to postural balance of the elderly - systematic review. Fisioterapia Em Movimento 31, 1–13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.031.ao35

  13. Lord, S.R., Clark, R.D., Webster, I.W.: Postural stability and associated physiological factors in a population of aged persons. J. Gerontol. 46(3), M69–M76 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/46.3.M69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lord, S.R., Ward, J.A.: Age-associated differences in sensori-motor function and balance in community dwelling women. Age Ageing 23(6), 452–460 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/23.6.452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Resnikoff, S., et al.: Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull. World Health Organ. 82(11), 844–851 (2004). https://doi.org//S0042-96862004001100009

  16. World Health Organization. World report on vision. In World health Organization, vol. 214, no. 14 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Czaja, S., Boot, W., Charness, N., Rogers, W.: Designing for Older Adults: Principles and Creative Human Factors Approaches. CRC Press (2019). https://doi.org/10.1201/b22189

    Book  Google Scholar 

  18. Owsley, C.: Aging and vision. 51(13), 1610–1622 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2010.10.020.Aging

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Gopinath, B., Rochtchina, E., Wang, J., Schneider, J., Leeder, S., Mitchell, P.: Prevalence of age-related hearing loss in older adults: blue mountains study. Arch. Internal Med. 169(4), 415 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2008.597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Cruickshanks, K.J., Wiley, T.L., Tweed, T.S., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Mares-Perlman, J.A., Nondahl, D.M.: Prevalence of hearing loss in older adults in beaver dam, wisconsin: the epidemiology of hearing loss study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 148(9), 879–886 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009713

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lin, F.R., Thorpe, R., Gordon-Salant, S., Ferrucci, L.: Hearing loss prevalence and risk factors among older adults in the United States. J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 66A(5), 582–590 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glr002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Norman, J.F., Adkins, O.C., Hoyng, S.C., Dowell, C.J., Pedersen, L.E., Gilliam, A.N.: Aging and the haptic perception of material properties. Perception 45(12), 1387–1398 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006616659073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Boyce, J.M.: Effects of ageing on smell and taste. Postgraduate Med. J. 82(966), 239–241 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2005.039453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Doty, R., Shaman, P., Applebaum, S., Giberson, R., Siksorski, L., Rosenberg, L.: Smell identification ability: changes with age. Science 226(4681), 1441–1443 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.6505700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Neumann, L., Schauren, B.C., Adami, F.S.: Sensibilidade gustativa de adultos e idosos. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 19(5), 797–808 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Paula, R.S., Colares, F.C.J., Toledo, J.O., Nóbrega, O.T.: Alterações gustativas no envelhecimento. Kairós Gerontologia, 11(1), 217–235 (2008). https://doi.org/10.23925/2176-901X.2008v11i1p

  27. Schiffman, S., Zervakis, J.: Taste and smell perception in the elderly: effect of medications and disease. In: Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, vol. 44, no. February (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-4526(02)44006-5

  28. Nilsson, Lars-Göran.: Memory function in normal aging: Memory function in normal aging. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 107, 7–13 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0404.107.s179.5.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Tulving, E.: How many memory systems are there? Am. Psychol. 40(4), 385–398 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.40.4.385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Zimmermann, T., Meier, B.: The rise and decline of prospective memory performance across the lifespan. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 59(12), 2040–2046 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210600917835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Cowan, N.: Working memory underpins cognitive development, learning, and education. Educ. Psychol. Rev. 26(2), 197–223 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-013-9246-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Nyberg, L., Lövdén, M., Riklund, K., Lindenberger, U., Bäckman, L.: Memory aging and brain maintenance. Trends Cogn. Sci. 16(5), 292–305 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Mitchell, D., Brown, A., Murphy, D.: Dissociations between procedural and episodic memory: Effects of time and aging. Psychol. Aging 5(2), 264–276 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.5.2.264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Nyberg, L., Maitland, S., Rönnlund, M., Bäckman, L., Dixon, R., Wahlin, Åke., Nilsson, Lars-Göran.: Selective adult age differences in an age-invariant multifactor model of declarative memory. Psychol. Aging 18(1), 149–160 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.1.149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Verhaeghen, P., Salthouse, T.: Meta-analyses of age-cognition relations in adulthood: estimates of linear and nonlinear age effects and structural models. Psychol. Bull. 122(3), 231–249 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.122.3.231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Vasunilashorn, S., Steinman, B., Liebig, P., Pynoos, J.: Aging in place: evolution of a research topic whose time has come. J. Aging Res. 2012, 1–6 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/120952

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Do, H., Pham, M., Sheng, W., Yang, D., Liu, M.: RiSH: a robot-integrated smart home for elderly care. Rob. Auton. Syst. 101, 74–92 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2017.12.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Dohr, A., Modre-Osprian, R., Drobics, M., Hayn, D., Schreier, G.: The internet of things for ambient assisted living. In: ITNG2010 - 7th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, pp. 804–809 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/ITNG.2010.104

  39. Peek, S., Luijkx, K., Rijnaard, M., Nieboer, M., van der Voort, C., Aarts, S., van Hoof, J., Vrijhoef, H., Wouters, E.: Older adults’ reasons for using technology while aging in place. Gerontology 62(2), 226–237 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1159/000430949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Hoy, M.: Alexa, siri, cortana, and more: an introduction to voice assistants. Med. Ref. Serv. Q. 37(1), 81–88 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2018.1404391

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the projects “NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000045”, supported by Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Norte2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Octávio Lima .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Lima, O., Terroso, M., Dias, N., Vilaça, J.L., Matos, D. (2022). Development of the Business Model and User Experience for a Pill Dispenser: A Designer Perspective. In: Martins, N., Brandão, D. (eds) Advances in Design and Digital Communication II. DIGICOM 2021. Springer Series in Design and Innovation , vol 19. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89735-2_45

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89735-2_45

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-89734-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-89735-2

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics