Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is an implantation, subcutaneous infection caused by melanized fungi. Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Cladophialophora carrionii are the most common species in tropical and semiarid environments, respectively. Most cases occur in middle-aged males, predominantly in the lower extremities. Lesions often show a nodular or verrucous appearance. The diagnosis is established by observing muriform cells on smear or histopathology. Cultures can help to identify morphological features of certain species, but accurate species identification can only be achieved by molecular biology. Itraconazole and terbinafine are the preferred therapy, which can also be used in combination with cryosurgery. Treatment duration is long and cure rates are generally low.
The impact of climate change on CBM remains hypothetical. Urbanization and desertification may lead to a rise of C. carrionii and a decrease in F. Pedrosoi abundance. In any circumstance, melanized fungi will have to adapt for survival in unprecedented niches. Estimating whether CBM cases will rise or fall will depend on such adaptations. Alterations in ecosystem diversity may condition the disappearance of certain species, while others may thrive in new environments.
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Abbreviations
- 5-FC:
-
5-Flucytosine
- CBM:
-
Chromoblastomycosis
- HLA-A29:
-
Human leukocyte antigen A29
- IL-10:
-
Interleukin-10
- KOH:
-
Potassium hydroxide
- PCR:
-
Polymerase chain reaction
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Bonifaz, A., Robles-Tenorio, A., Tirado-Sánchez, A. (2022). Climate Change Impact on Chromoblastomycosis. In: Frías-De-León, M.G., Brunner-Mendoza, C., Reyes-Montes, M.d.R., Duarte-Escalante, E. (eds) The Impact of Climate Change on Fungal Diseases. Fungal Biology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_7
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