Abstract
Historical accounts of intimate human relationships across cultures suggest that singleness is a marginalized status with heterosexual married couples given social, economic, and even religious privileges. However, contemporary studies, both in Western and many Asian societies, show that people who decide to remain single attain similar levels of subjective well-being compared to those in a relationship. The increasing favorability of singleness as an emerging lifestyle is demonstrated worldwide by the ever-growing proportions of individuals remaining single and delaying marriage. This began in Western countries but is also now evident in Asia. This chapter articulates the changing trends associated with an individual’s decision to marry in Indonesian society. Indonesia provides a unique window to allow a perspective of singleness experienced differently in non-WEIRD (White, Educated, Intelligent, Rich, and Democratic) societies. Religion and marital status are two integral social identities in Indonesia to which being married is the commonly acceptable status. Therefore, Indonesia is among the countries with the lowest rates of singleness, although this proportion is consistently increasing. With marriage rates remaining high, cultural scholars are paying specific attention to how choice and voluntary agency on marriage have been replaced with cultural obligation. Even in contemporary Indonesian society, marriage is arguably taken as beyond a couple’s commitment to each other, but also an individual’s devotion to their cultural and religious beliefs. Drawing insights from literature on singleness in Indonesia, this chapter narratively reviews how cultural values on marriage and gender role in Indonesia are negotiated with increasing favorability of single lifestyle brought through modernization. The first half of the paper charts the current trend of marriage formation in Indonesia and examines why more Indonesian adults remain single despite the strong sociocultural values placed on marriage. The second half describes how Indonesian adults who have never married cope with societal marriage pressures to the extent that they are willing to marry to meet the social expectation. While addressing key themes around marriage and singleness in Indonesia as a result of global social change, the chapter also informs strategies to enhance individual well-being by emphasizing marital quality over marital status when marriage in a society is the norm.
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Himawan, K.K., Surijah, E.A. (2022). Shifting the Privilege of Marriage: Empowering Voluntary Agency of the Individual’s Marriage Decision in Indonesia. In: The Palgrave Handbook of Global Social Change. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87624-1_95-1
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