Abstract
Taekwondo is a martial art recognized as an Olympic sport since 2000. During competitions, athletes wear the typical protective garment composed by head, arms, hands, trunk, genitals, legs, foot protectors. The trunk protector has been developed with several modifications during history adding electronic devices to help referees in the points’ assignment. In this paper, some recent technologies adopted in body protectors are analyzed with the purpose of modelling an innovative sustainable soft body protector specific for Taekwondo competitions. The proposed body protector is composed of internal embedded pneumatic devices to increase safety from injuries and reducing transmissibility of a kick or punch on the human’s trunk. Making use of FEM analysis, several geometries of this device are examined to guarantee a high protection level. Some comparison on transmissibility of the impact on the human’s trunk with our solutions and available results in literature of an electronic body protector on market underline the very good results obtained with our proposal. The transmissibility is reduced of 70% using the commercial product and of 30% using our engineering simulation. The excellent results open-up a new sustainable research field in the wearable protection systems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
“Il Taekwondo - La storia” https://www.taekwondoitalia.it/fita/il-taekwondo.html
“Do know the most common injuries in boxing?” http://fittoplay.org/sports/boxing1/the-most-common-injuries
Thomas, R.E., Thomas, B.C.: Systematic review of injuries in mixed martial arts. Phys. Sportsmed. 46(2), 155–167 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1430451
Del Vecchio, F.B., Farias, C.B., de Leon, R.C., Rocha, A.C.C.A., Galliano, L.M., Coswig, V.S.: Injuries in martial arts and combat sports: Prevalence, characteristics and mechanisms. Sci. Sports 33, 158–163 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2018.02.003
Ji, M.: Analysis of injuries in taekwondo athletes. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 28, 231–234 (2016)
Jeong, H.S., O’Sullivan, D.M., Lee, S.-C., Lee, S.Y.: Safety evaluation of protective equipment for the forearm, shin, hand and foot in taekwondo . J. Sports. Sci. Med. 18, 376–383 (2019)
Moenig, U., Cho, S., Song, H.: The modifications of protective gear, rules and regulations during taekwondo’s evolution – From its obscure origins to the Olympics. Int J History Sport 29(9), 1363–1381 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2012.691474
Mencarini, E., Rapp, A., Tirabeni, L., Zancanaro, M.: Designing wearable systems for sports: a review of trends and opportunities in human–computer interaction. IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 49(4), 134–325 (2019). doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/THMS.2019.2919702.
Muscolo, G.G., Recchiuto, C.T.: T.P.T. a novel Taekwondo personal trainer robot. Robot. Autonom. Syst. 83, 150–157 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2016.05.009.
Molfino, R., Muscolo, G.G., Puig, D., Recchiuto, C.T., Solanas, A., Williams, A.M.: An embodied-simplexity approach to design humanoid robots bioinspired by taekwondo athletes. In: Natraj, A., Cameron, S., Melhuish, C., Witkowski, M. (eds.) TAROS 2013. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 8069, pp. 311–312. Springer, Heidelberg (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43645-5_34
Ismar, E., Bahadir, S.K., Kalaoglu, F., Koncar, V.: Futuristic clothes: electronic textiles and wearable technologies. Global Challenges. 4(7), 1900092 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201900092.
Muscolo, G.G., Moretti, G., Cannata, G.: SUAS: a novel soft underwater artificial skin with capacitive transducers and Hyperelastic membrane. Robotica 37(4), 756–777 (2019)
Chi, E.H.: Introducing wearable force sensors in martial arts. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 4(3), 47–53 (2005)
Cho, E.-H., Eom, H.-J., Jang, S.-Y.: Comparison of patterns of skill actions between analog and electronic protectors in taekwondo: a log-linear analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17, 3927 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113927
Pyciarz, T.: Analysis of sport fight structure in taekwondo during the Olympics in Beijing in 2008 and Senior World Championships in 2009 in terms of technical skills after regulation amendments and implementation of the electronic system of score recording. J. Combat Sports Martial Arts 2(2), 109–115 (2011)
Sevinç, D., Çolak, M.: The effect of electronic body protector and gamification on the performance of taekwondo athletes. Int. J. Perform. Anal. Sport 19(1), 110–120 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2019.1570457
Tasika, N.: Reliability & linearity of an electronic body protector employed in taekwondo games: a preliminary study. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. 8(3), S622–S632 (2013). https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2013.8.Proc3.08
Razman, R., Chong, R.W.L.: Reliability and validity of a taekwondo electronic body protector. Proc IMechE Part P: J. Sport. Eng. Technol. 233(2), 202–209 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337118815009
Perry, A., Lee, J.: Satisfaction with current martial arts’ uniforms and purchase intention of new uniforms. Fash. Text. 4(1), 1–18 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-016-0085-6
Gorissen, B., Reynaerts, D., Konishi, S., Yoshida, K., Kim, J.-W., De Volder, M.: Elastic inflatable actuators for soft robotic applications. Adv. Mater. 29, 1604977 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201604977
Nguyen, P.H., Zhang, W.: Design and computational modeling of fabric soft pneumatic actuators for wearable assistive devices. Sci. Rep. 10, 9638 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65003-2
Moseley, P., Florez, J.M., Sonar, H.A., Agarwal, G., Curtin, W., Paik, J.: Modeling, design, and development of soft pneumatic actuators with finite element method. Adv. Eng. Mater. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201500503
Bottero, S., Muscolo, G.G., Ferraresi, C.: A new Soft RCC device with pneumatic regulation. Robotics. 98(9), 4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics9040098.
Guler, M.A., Cerit, M.E., Bayram, B., Gerçeker, B., Karakaya, E.: The effect of geometrical parameters on the energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled structures under axial impact loading. Int. J. Crashworthiness 15(4), 377–390 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1080/13588260903488750
Ramazanoglu, N.: Transmission of impact through the electronic body protector in taekwondo. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Technol. 3(2), 1–7 (2013).
Das, R., Kumar, R., Banerjeea, S.L., Kundu, P.P.: Engineered elastomeric bio-nanocomposites from linseed oil/organoclay tailored for vibration damping. R. Soc. Chem. RSC Adv. 4, 59265–59274 (2014)
Park, K.J., Song, B.B.: Injuries in female and male elite taekwondo athletes: a 10-year prospective, epidemiological study of 1466 injuries sustained during 250 000 training hours. Br. J. Sports Med. 52, 735–740 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097530
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Damiano, D., Davalli, A., Bonisoli, E., Muscolo, G.G. (2022). A New Sustainable Soft Body Protector for Increasing Human Safety in Combat Sports: The Case of Taekwondo. In: Quaglia, G., Gasparetto, A., Petuya, V., Carbone, G. (eds) Proceedings of I4SDG Workshop 2021. I4SDG 2021. Mechanisms and Machine Science, vol 108. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87383-7_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87383-7_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-87382-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-87383-7
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)