Abstract
Antarctica is one of the very few ecosystems in the world with minimum anthropogenic interventions and pollution load. The extreme climatic conditions such as temperature, precipitation, and smaller ice-free regions allow only cryptogams such as bryophytes and lichens to grow dominantly. Although lichens are well-known biomonitors and bioindicators of climate change, environmental pollution and anthropogenic perturbations, their potential has been explored very recently. In this chapter, various climate-change studies in Antarctica employing lichens as an integrated bioindicator system are reviewed. The studies utilized either natural gradients of climate across the continent or passive or active air temperature enhancement experiments. The lichen communities in Antarctica has been found sensitive to both climatic clines and temperature manipulations. The lichens’ response was species-specific, the species with wider distribution were more adaptive to climate change than those with restricted distribution. The studies also indicated that climate warming would cause the extinction of sensitive species. Simultaneously, some will increase their geographical extension due to the increased water availability and nutrients in changed ecosystems.
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Acknowledgements
Authors are thankful to Director, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow, for providing infrastructure facilities and financial assistance through OLP 101, to the Director, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (formerly NCAOR), Goa, for facilitating the participation of SN in the 22nd and 28th Indian Antarctic expedition, and to Prof. Miloš Barták, Section of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Kotlarska 2, Brno, the Czech Republic for providing necessary permission to use specific photos.
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Nayaka, S., Rai, H. (2022). Antarctic Lichen Response to Climate Change: Evidence from Natural Gradients and Temperature Enchantment Experiments. In: Khare, N. (eds) Assessing the Antarctic Environment from a Climate Change Perspective. Earth and Environmental Sciences Library. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87078-2_14
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