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Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and AmpC β -Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Livestock Animals

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Zoonoses: Infections Affecting Humans and Animals

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Abstract

In the past decades, we faced a rapid increase in human infections caused by third-generation cephalosporin-resistant bacteria, e.g., Escherichia (E.) coli, Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae, and Salmonella, mainly due to the plasmid-encoded production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases. The primary reservoirs of ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria are still contentious. However, it is believed that livestock animal- and food-related sources play a possible but yet not quantifiable role in the spread of such bacteria. The use of large quantities of antibiotics in this sector, but also in the medical field, undoubtedly contributes to the global rise of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria. Entry of multidrug-resistant microorganisms early in the livestock production cycle, as well as their frequent occurrence in healthy animals and food products, together with the finding of common molecular characteristics suggests that a livestock animal-to-human transmission could occur. However, links between ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria from these two sources have been drawn mainly from observational epidemiological data while studies providing unquestionable proofs for transfer directionality and quantifying the risk for human health are limited. In any case, food animal production should be regarded a major player in the expansion of the global resistome. Therefore, efforts need to be further directed toward reducing reliance on antimicrobials in this sector wherever possible. More than ever, good veterinary and farming practices, including responsible use of antibiotics and implementation of biosecurity, hygiene, and disease prevention, e.g., by vaccination or by improving the animals’ gut health, are regarded essential in the containment of AMR. Many fields, including medicine, veterinary medicine, animal husbandry, environment, and trade, are involved in this complex issue. Thus, isolated, sectorial efforts in the food animal production field will not be that efficient unless concerted efforts from all those involved are applied on a global scale, following a One Health approach.

ESBLs in livestock – How big is the piece in the complex puzzle on antimicrobial resistance?

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  1. Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany

    Christa Ewers

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  1. Dept. of Infectiology, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleißheim, Bayern, Germany

    Andreas Sing

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Ewers, C. (2023). Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and AmpC β -Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in Livestock Animals. In: Sing, A. (eds) Zoonoses: Infections Affecting Humans and Animals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85877-3_15-1

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