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Chemistry and Biological Activities of Phenolic Compounds from Baccharis Genus

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Baccharis

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Abstract

Plants belonging to Baccharis genus (Asteraceae) have been used in folk medicine since ancient times. Usually, different Baccharis species are used in folk medicine as infusion or tea for gastrointestinal diseases, inflammation, ulcers, as an analgesic, spasmolytic, and antimicrobial, among others. Examples of medicinal plants from Baccharis are B. dracunculifolia D.C., B. illinita D.C., and B. trimera (Less.) DC., among many others. Over the years, these plants have been more studied: both chemical composition and biological activities. There are approximately 500 Baccharis species spread across the American continent, especially in South and Central America, which are important sources of bioactive compounds. The chemistry of these plants is characterized mainly by the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in their essential oils. The nonvolatile fraction is characterized by diterpenes, triterpenes, and phenolic compounds, among others. Phenolic compounds are represented by phenylpropanoids, prenylated phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, coumarins, and simple phenolic compounds. In Baccharis spp. luteolin, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, acacetin, quercetin, kaempferol, p-coumaric acid derivatives, and coumarins have also been found. Many Baccharis spp. crude extracts and some of their isolated compounds were correlated with several biological activities. One example is the antioxidant effect of Brazilian Green Propolis, which is composed mainly of B. dracunculifolia compounds, such as flavonoid aglycones and p-coumaric acid derivatives, like artepillin C, baccharin, and drupanin. Baccharis spp. extracts display trypanocidal, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, corroborating many folk medicinal uses. Therefore, in this chapter, an overview of the chemical composition is presented, highlighting the phenolic compounds of Baccharis spp., as well as its ethnopharmacological uses, in the light of many published scientific studies, focusing on the corroboration of folk uses. Furthermore, the toxicity of Baccharis species is discussed, which is a very important issue that is not well discussed in folk medicine: B. coridifolia, for example, is a poisonous plant responsible for necrosis of gastrointestinal tissue of rabbits and horses. Also, the chromatographic analyses of these plant extracts are addressed due to the importance of their chemical composition, the content of active compounds, and certainty of the correct botanical identification. In the final part, we conclude and discuss future perspectives for Baccharis extracts and their isolated compounds in the development of efficacious and safe medicines.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Jairo Kenupp Bastos & Caroline Arruda

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  1. Jairo Kenupp Bastos
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  2. Caroline Arruda
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Correspondence to Jairo Kenupp Bastos .

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  1. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Geraldo Wilson Fernandes

  2. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Yumi Oki

  3. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Milton Barbosa

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Bastos, J.K., Arruda, C. (2021). Chemistry and Biological Activities of Phenolic Compounds from Baccharis Genus. In: Fernandes, G.W., Oki, Y., Barbosa, M. (eds) Baccharis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83511-8_12

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