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Permafrost Climate Feedbacks

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Global Arctic

Abstract

Permafrost ecosystems have accumulated vast pools of organic carbon, together amounting to three times more carbon than the atmosphere and five times more than all living things. The high elevations and high latitudes where permafrost occurs are experiencing some of the most extreme climate change on Earth. Consequently, the ecological reaction of the permafrost zone could influence the trajectory of the climate system for thousands of years to come. As permafrost regions warm, more carbon and nitrogen will be exposed to decomposition, combustion, and hydrological export, increasing greenhouse gas production and release. At the same time, plants may take advantage of the extended growing season and nutrient release to take up more atmospheric carbon dioxide. In this chapter, I lay out recent advances in understanding of permafrost climate feedbacks, focusing primarily on the production, uptake, and release of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. I attempt to answer why permafrost regions contain so much organic matter, how sensitive this organic matter is to climatic perturbations, and how important are permafrost feedbacks compared to anthropogenic greenhouse gas production. Current estimates of the permafrost climate feedback vary in magnitude and sign, representing an important unknown risk for local communities and ecosystems. However, compared to direct human emissions, potential greenhouse gas uptake or release from the permafrost zone is quite small. This emphasizes the importance of continued permafrost research and the imperative for rapid decarbonization of the global economy.

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    Benjamin W. Abbott

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Abbott, B.W. (2022). Permafrost Climate Feedbacks. In: Finger, M., Rekvig, G. (eds) Global Arctic. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81253-9_10

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