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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

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Abstract

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to increase rapidly, and NAFLD has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children and young people. Closely associated with the rise in obesity, the precise aetiology and pathophysiology of NAFLD are not fully understood. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of the disease. The diagnosis of NAFLD is one of exclusion and made on histology however such as the potential prevalence of the disease that biopsy is not always practical – thus, there is a need to further develop noninvasive biomarkers to reliably identify and stage the disease. The histological pattern of the disease in children and young people frequently differs from that found in adults. Long-term outcome is not yet certain; however, significant nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may progress to end-stage liver disease and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Management in children and young people is largely focused on lifestyle change; however, there are emerging pharmacological therapies under investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Paediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Centre, King’s College London School of Medicine at King’s College Hospital, London, UK

    Emer Fitzpatrick

  2. Children’s Health Ireland @ Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland

    Emer Fitzpatrick

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  1. Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Stefano Guandalini

  2. Pediatric Liver, GI and Nutrition Center, Child Health, King’s College Hospital, London, UK

    Anil Dhawan

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Fitzpatrick, E. (2022). Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. In: Guandalini, S., Dhawan, A. (eds) Textbook of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80068-0_69

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