Abstract
Energy Management Systems are equipments that normally perform the individual supervision of power controllable loads. With the objective of reducing energy costs, those management decisions result from algorithms that select how the different working periods of equipment should be combined, taking into account the usage of the locally generated renewable energy, electricity tariffs etc., while complying with the restrictions imposed by users and electric circuits. Forecasting energy usage, as described in this paper, allows to optimize the management being a major asset.
This paper proposes and compares three new meta-methods for forecasts associated to real-valued time series, applied to the buildings energy consumption case, namely: a meta-method which uses a single regressor (called Sliding Regressor – SR), an ensemble of regressors with no memory of previous fittings (called Bagging Sliding Regressor – BSR), and a warm-start bagging meta-method (called Warm-start Bagging Sliding Regressor – WsBSR). The novelty of this framework is combination of the meta-methods, warm-start ensembles and time series in a forecast framework for energy consumption in buildings. Experimental tests done over data from an hotel show that, the best accuracy is obtained using the second method, though the last one has comparable results with less computational requirements.
This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), project LARSyS - FCT Project UIDB/50009/2020 and by the European Union, under the FEDER (Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional) and INTERREG programs, in the scope of the T2UES (0517_TTUES_6_E) project.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahmad, A., Hassan, M., Abdullah, M., Rahman, H., Hussin, F., Abdullah, H., Saidur, R.: A review on applications of ANN and SVM for building electrical energy consumption forecasting. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 33, 102–109 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.069
Alpaydin, E.: Introduction to Machine Learning. MIT press, Cambridge (2020)
Alto da Colina Hotel: https://www.alfagar.com/alfagar-alto-da-colina.html, Accessed 22 Jan 2021
Araya, D.B., Grolinger, K., ElYamany, H.F., Capretz, M.A., Bitsuamlak, G.: An ensemble learning framework for anomaly detection in building energy consumption. Energy Build. 144, 191–206 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.02.058
Bindiu, R., Chindris, M., Pop, G.: Day-ahead load forecasting using exponential smoothing. Sci. Bull. “Petru Maior” Univ. Targu Mures 6, 89 (2009)
Cabrita, C.L., Monteiro, J.M., Cardoso, P.J.S.: Improving energy efficiency in smart-houses by optimizing electrical loads management. In: 2019 1st International Conference on Energy Transition in the Mediterranean Area (SyNERGY MED). IEEE (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/synergy-med.2019.8764140
Chandramowli, S., Lahr, M.L.: Forecasting New Jersey’s electricity demand using auto-regressive models. SSRN Electron. J. (2012). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2258552
Chen, T.T., Lee, S.J.: A weighted LS-SVM based learning system for time series forecasting. Inf. Sci. 299, 99–116 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2014.12.031
Chiang, J., Wu, P., Chiang, S., Chang, T., Chang, S., Wen, K.: Introduction to Grey System Theory. Gao-Li Publication, Taiwan (1998)
Deb, C., Zhang, F., Yang, J., Lee, S.E., Shah, K.W.: A review on time series forecasting techniques for building energy consumption. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 74, 902–924 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.085
Divina, F., Gilson, A., Goméz-Vela, F., Torres, M.G., Torres, J.: Stacking ensemble learning for short-term electricity consumption forecasting. Energies 11(4), 949 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/en11040949
Eurepean Union: Regulation (Eu) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council (2018). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.L_.2018.328.01.0001.01.ENG
Gómez, J., Molina-Solana, M.: Towards self-adaptive building energy control in smart grids. In: NeurIPS 2019 Workshop Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning. Vancouver, Canada (2019). https://www.climatechange.ai/NeurIPS2019_workshop.html
Governo Português: Plano nacional de energia e clima 2021–2030 (PNEC 2030) (2020). https://apambiente.pt/_zdata/Alteracoes_Climaticas/Mitigacao/PNEC/PNEC PT_Template Final 2019 30122019.pdf
Joutz, F.L., Maddala, G.S., Trost, R.P.: An integrated bayesian vector auto regression and error correction model for forecasting electricity consumption and prices. J. Forecast. 14(3), 287–310 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1002/for.3980140310
Karim, S.A.A., Alwi, S.A.: Electricity load forecasting in UTP using moving averages and exponential smoothing techniques. Appl. Math. Sci. 7, 4003–4014 (2013). https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2013.33149
Kascha, C.: A comparison of estimation methods for vector autoregressive moving-average models. Econ. Rev. 31(3), 297–324 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1080/07474938.2011.607343
Lee, D., Cheng, C.C.: Energy savings by energy management systems: a review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 56, 760–777 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.067
Lee, W.J., Hong, J.: A hybrid dynamic and fuzzy time series model for mid-term power load forecasting. Int. J. Electric. Power Energy Syst. 64, 1057–1062 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.08.006
Li, K., Hu, C., Liu, G., Xue, W.: Building’s electricity consumption prediction using optimized artificial neural networks and principal component analysis. Energy Build. 108, 106–113 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.09.002
Liu, Z., et al.: Accuracy analyses and model comparison of machine learning adopted in building energy consumption prediction. Energy Explor. Exploit. 37(4), 1426–1451 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/0144598718822400
Monfet, D., Corsi, M., Choinière, D., Arkhipova, E.: Development of an energy prediction tool for commercial buildings using case-based reasoning. Energy Build. 81, 152–160 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.06.017
Monteiro, J., Cardoso, P.J.S., Serra, R., Fernandes, L.: Evaluation of the human factor in the scheduling of smart appliances in smart grids. In: Stephanidis, C., Antona, M. (eds.) UAHCI 2014. LNCS, vol. 8515, pp. 537–548. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07446-7_52
Monteiro, J., Eduardo, J., Cardoso, P.J.S., Ao, J.S.: A distributed load scheduling mechanism for micro grids. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm). IEEE (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/smartgridcomm.2014.7007659
Nie, H., Liu, G., Liu, X., Wang, Y.: Hybrid of ARIMA and SVMs for short-term load forecasting. Energy Procedia 16, 1455–1460 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.229
Paolella, M.S.: Linear Models and Time-Series Analysis: Regression. ARMA and GARCH. John Wiley & Sons, ANOVA (2018)
Pedregosa, F., et al.: Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 12, 2825–2830 (2011)
Rokach, L.: Ensemble Learning. WSPC (2019). https://www.ebook.de/de/product/35671842/lior_rokach_ensemble_learning.html
Sadaei, H.J., Enayatifar, R., Abdullah, A.H., Gani, A.: Short-term load forecasting using a hybrid model with a refined exponentially weighted fuzzy time series and an improved harmony search. Int. J. Electric. Power Energy Syst. 62, 118–129 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.04.026
Sapankevych, N.I., Sankar, R.: Time series prediction using support vector machines: a survey. IEEE Comput. Intell. Mag. 4(2), 24–38 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/MCI.2009.932254
Song, H., Qin, A.K., Salim, F.D.: Evolutionary multi-objective ensemble learning for multivariate electricity consumption prediction. In: 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489261
Taylor, J.W.: Triple seasonal methods for short-term electricity demand forecasting. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 204(1), 139–152 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2009.10.003
Tso, G.: A study of domestic energy usage patterns in Hong Kong. Energy 28(15), 1671–1682 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/s0360-5442(03)00153-1
Tso, G.K., Yau, K.K.: Predicting electricity energy consumption: a comparison of regression analysis, decision tree and neural networks. Energy 32(9), 1761–1768 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.11.010
Vu, K.M.: The ARIMA and VARIMA time series: their modelings. AuLac Technologies Inc., Analyses and Applications (2007)
Wahid, F., Kim, D.: A prediction approach for demand analysis of energy consumption using k-nearest neighbor in residential buildings. Int. J. Smart Home 10(2), 97–108 (2016). https://doi.org/10.14257/ijsh.2016.10.2.10
Wang, X., Meng, M.: A hybrid neural network and ARIMA model for energy consumption forecasting. J. Comput. 7(5) (2012). https://doi.org/10.4304/jcp.7.5.1184-1190
Wang, Z., Srinivasan, R.S.: A review of artificial intelligence based building energy use prediction: contrasting the capabilities of single and ensemble prediction models. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 75, 796–808 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.079
Zhang, Y., Wang, J.: Short-term load forecasting based on hybrid strategy using warm-start gradient tree boosting. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 12(6) (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0015220
Zia, M.F., Elbouchikhi, E., Benbouzid, M.: Microgrids energy management systems: a critical review on methods, solutions, and prospects. Appl. Energy 222, 1033–1055 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.103
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cardoso, P.J.S., Guerreiro, P.M.M., Monteiro, J., Pedro, A.S., Rodrigues, J.M.F. (2021). Warm-Start Meta-Ensembles for Forecasting Energy Consumption in Service Buildings. In: Paszynski, M., Kranzlmüller, D., Krzhizhanovskaya, V.V., Dongarra, J.J., Sloot, P.M.A. (eds) Computational Science – ICCS 2021. ICCS 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12747. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77980-1_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77980-1_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-77979-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-77980-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)