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Statistical Parameter Estimation for Observation Error Modelling: Application to Meteor Radars

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Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications (Vol. IV)

Abstract

Data assimilation schemes blend observational data, with limited coverage, with a short term forecast to produce an analysis, which is meant to be the best estimate of the current state of the atmosphere. Appropriately specifying observation error statistics is necessary to obtain an optimal analysis. Observation error can originate from instrument error as well as the error of representation. While representation error is most commonly associated with unresolved scales and processes, this term is often considered to include contributions from pre-processing or quality control and errors associated with the observation operator. With a focus on practical operational implementation, this chapter aims to define the components of observation error, discusses their sources and characteristics, and provides an overview of current methods for estimating observation error statistics. We highlight the implicit assumptions of these methods, as well as their shortcomings. We will detail current operational practice for diagnosing observation error and accounting for correlated observation error. Finally, we provide a practical methodology for using these diagnostics, as well as the associated innovation-based observation impact, to optimize the assimilation of meteor radar observations in the upper atmosphere.

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Acknowledgements

NRL components of this research were supported by the Space Environment Exploitation (SEE) program of DARPA’s Defense Sciences Office and by the Office of Naval Research through the NRL base 6.1 and 6.2 programs.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marine Meteorology Division, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA

    Elizabeth A. Satterfield

  2. Met Office, Reading, UK

    Joanne A. Waller

  3. U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA

    David D. Kuhl, Dan Hodyss, Karl W. Hoppel, Stephen D. Eckermann & John P. McCormack

  4. CPI, Springfield, VA, USA

    Jun Ma

  5. GATS, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA

    David C. Fritts & Hiroyuki Iimura

  6. Institute of Applied Physics & Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    Gunter Stober

  7. Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CA, USA

    Chris E. Meek

  8. Tromsø Geophysical Observatory, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway

    Chris Hall

  9. Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Christoph Jacobi

  10. Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the University of Rostock, Kuhlungsborn, Germany

    Ralph Latteck

  11. Centre for Space Atmosphere and Oceanic Science, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK

    Nicholas J. Mitchell

  12. Atmospheric and Environmental Physics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

    Patrick J. Espy

  13. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN, China

    Guozhu Li

  14. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, CA, USA

    Peter Brown

  15. CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, CN, China

    Wen Yi

  16. National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, CN, China

    Na Li

  17. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Esaciais, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil

    Paulo Batista

  18. School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

    Iain M. Reid

  19. Space Science Laboratory, Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea

    Eswaraiah Sunkara

  20. British Antarctic Survery, Cambridge, UK

    Tracy Moffat-Griffin

  21. Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Australian Antarctic Division of Sustainability, Kingston, TAS, Australia

    Damian J. Murphy

  22. National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan

    Masaki Tsutsumi

  23. Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA

    John Marino

  24. ATRAD Pty Ltd, 24 Now at Heliophysics Division, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA

    John P. McCormack & Iain M. Reid

Authors
  1. Elizabeth A. Satterfield
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  2. Joanne A. Waller
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  3. David D. Kuhl
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  4. Dan Hodyss
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  5. Karl W. Hoppel
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  6. Stephen D. Eckermann
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  7. John P. McCormack
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  8. Jun Ma
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  9. David C. Fritts
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  10. Hiroyuki Iimura
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  11. Gunter Stober
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  12. Chris E. Meek
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  13. Chris Hall
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  14. Christoph Jacobi
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  15. Ralph Latteck
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  16. Nicholas J. Mitchell
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  17. Patrick J. Espy
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  18. Guozhu Li
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  19. Peter Brown
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  20. Wen Yi
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  21. Na Li
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  22. Paulo Batista
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  23. Iain M. Reid
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  24. Eswaraiah Sunkara
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  25. Tracy Moffat-Griffin
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  26. Damian J. Murphy
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  27. Masaki Tsutsumi
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  28. John Marino
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elizabeth A. Satterfield .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)

    Seon Ki Park

  2. Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA

    Liang Xu

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Davis meteor radar was funded by Australian Antarctic Science project number 4445 and Syowa MF radar was funded by the National Institute of Polar Research (NIRP); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JSPS) KAKENHI under grant 17H02969. McMurdo meteor radar was supported by Scott E. Palo and Jeffrey M. Forbes and funded by the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation, Award #1543446. Meteor radars at Esrange, Bear Lake, King Edward Point and Rothera were funded by National Environment Research Council grant NE/R001391/1, and supported by NE/R001235/1 for King Edward Point and Rothera, and by Michael Taylor for Bear Lake. Carriri and Cachoeira Paulista meteor radars were supported by R. A. Buriti, I. Paulino, P. P. Batista, C. G Targon, and V. F. Andorioli, and funded by Fundação de Amparo àpesquisa do estado de São Paulo under 00/9510-1 and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológic (CNPQ) under grant PRONEX 76.97.1079.00. Buckland Park meteor radar was supported by Iain Reid and supported by the University of Adelaide and ATRAD Pty Ltd. King Sejong Island meteor radar was supported by Yongha Kim and Jeong-Han Kim, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI). Eureka meteor radar and Saskatoon MF radar were supported by Alan Manson. Svalbard meteor radar was funded by University of Tromsø and NIPR. Andenes and Juliusruh meteor radars were supported by Jorge Chau and Collm meteor radar was supported by Deutsches Forchungsgemeinschaft (DFG), grant JA 836/38-1 (NOSTHEM). The operation of SAAMER in Tierra del Fuego is support by Diego Janches and NASA’s SSO program and NESC assessment TI-17-01204. Trondheim meteor radar was supported by Robert Hibbins, Research Council of Norway/CoE under contract 223252/F50. Mohe, Beijing, and Wuhan meteor radars were supported by You Yu, and funded by Solar-Terrestrial Environment Research Network (STERN) of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Meridian Project (CMP), with data archives in the Geophysics Center, National Earth System Science Data Center at Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment (BNOSE) and in the CMP data center. Mengcheng meteor radar wassupported by Xianghui Xue, and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41904135): B-type Strategic Priority of CAS Grant XDB41000000 and National Space Science Data Center, National Science & Technology Infrastructure of China.Kunming meteor radar was supported by National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation.

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Satterfield, E.A. et al. (2022). Statistical Parameter Estimation for Observation Error Modelling: Application to Meteor Radars. In: Park, S.K., Xu, L. (eds) Data Assimilation for Atmospheric, Oceanic and Hydrologic Applications (Vol. IV). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77722-7_8

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