Skip to main content

Leadership of Healthcare Teams, Organisations and Systems: Implications for Curriculum Revision in Medical Education

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Contemporary Obstetrics and Gynecology for Developing Countries

Abstract

The educational curriculum of medical schools in Nigeria lacks content in leadership and program administration. Good knowledge of medicine and being an astute physician does not translate into effective leadership in administering the affairs of an interdisciplinary team, large organisations, or steering the ship of the nation’s healthcare system. This chapter is the quintessential source of information for inexperienced healthcare administrators. It describes the differences between management and administration, types, current status, and leadership of healthcare teams, organisations, and systems. This chapter also reviews organisation and leadership theories, contemporary leadership styles in the competitive healthcare landscape and conflict resolution strategies. Finally, based on the identified non-clinical related curriculum weaknesses, the chapter presents pertinent recommendations to reform medical education in Nigeria and discusses the anticipated benefits and barriers against such a reform.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Van Wagner K. 8 major leadership theories. 2008. Available at http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN030550.pdf. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  2. Cherry K. The major leadership theories. 2018. Available at https://www.verywellmind.com/leadership-theories-2795323. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  3. Sundheim D. The trouble with leadership theories. 2014. Available at https://hbr.org/2014/05/the-trouble-with-leadership-theories. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  4. Leadership Theories (n.d.). Available at https://www.leadership-central.com/leadership-theories.html. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  5. Hasan S. Top 10 leadership qualities that make good leaders. 2017. Available at https://blog.taskque.com/characteristics-good-leaders/. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  6. Surbhi S. Difference between management and administration. 2015. Available at https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-management-and-administration.html#ComparisonChart. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  7. Adeloye D, David RA, Olaogun AA, Auta A, Adesokan A, Gadanya M, Opele JK, Owagbemi O, Iseolorunkanmi A. Health workforce and governance: the crisis in Nigeria. Human Resources for Health 15:32. 2017. Available at https://human-resources-health.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12960-017-0205-4#Bib1. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  8. Ugah N, Otokpa AR, James C. Strike: FG has not invited us for talks –JOHESU. 2018. Available at https://newtelegraphonline.com/2018/04/strike-fg-has-not-invited-us-for-talks-johesu/. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  9. Atueyi U. A glorious end to fellowship, PhD controversy for clinical teachers. 2017. Available at https://guardian.ng/features/a-glorious-end-to-fellowship-phd-controversy-for-clinical-teachers/. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  10. Ihekweazu C. Three reasons strike will continue in Nigeria’s health sector. 2015. Available at http://nigeriahealthwatch.com/three-reasons-strikes-will-continue-in-nigerias-health-sector/. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  11. Alubo O, Hunduh V. Medical dominance and resistance in Nigeria’s healthcare system. Int J Health Serv. 2017;47(4):778–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ojo TO, Akinwumi AF. Doctors as managers of healthcare resources in Nigeria: Evolving roles and current challenges. Niger Med J. 2015;56(6):375–80. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4743284/. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Oleribe OO, Udofia D, Oladipo O, Ishola TA, Taylor-Robinson SD. Healthcare workers’ industrial action in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey of Nigerian physicians. Hum Resour Health. 2018;16(1)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Oleribe OO, Ezieme IP, Oladipo O, Akinola EP, Udofia D, Taylor-Robinson SD. Industrial action by healthcare workers in Nigeria in 2013–2015: an inquiry into causes, consequences and control—a cross-sectional descriptive study. Hum Resour Health. 2016;14(1):46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Nancarrow SA, Booth A, Ariss S, Smith T, Enderby P, Roots A. Ten principles of good interdisciplinary teamwork. Hum Resour Health. 2013;11:19. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3662612/. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. The HRH Global Resource Centre (n.d.) Why is teamwork in healthcare important? Available at https://www.hrhresourcecentre.org/HRH_Info_Teamwork.html. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  17. Venzin K. 5 things to know when working with an interdisciplinary healthcare team. 2018. Available at https://covalentcareers.com/resources/5-tips-interdisciplinary-healthcare-team/. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  18. Balogun JA. The case for a paradigm shifts in the education of healthcare professionals in Nigeria. 2016. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317387397_The_case_for_a_paradigm_shift_in_the_education_of_healthcare_professionals_in_Nigeria. Accessed on June 11, 2021.

  19. Iyoke CA, Lawani LO, Ugwu GO, Ajah LO, Ezugwu EC, Onah P, Onwuka CI. Knowledge and attitude toward interdisciplinary team working among obstetricians and gynaecologists in teaching hospitals in South East Nigeria. J Multidiscip Healthcare. 2019;8:237–44. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4451848/ 2015. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gill SV, Vessali M, Pratt JA, Watts S, Pratt JS, Raghavan P, DeSilva JM. The importance of interdisciplinary research training and community dissemination. Clin Transl Sci. 2015;8(5):611–4. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4625396/. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kaini BK. Interprofessional care and role of team leaders. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2015;53:197–404. Available at https://www.slideshare.net/bachchukaini/interprofessional-care-and-role-of-team-leaders. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Dodson D. What’s the best leadership style for healthcare? 2017. Available at https://nchica.org/whats-the-best-leadership-style-for-healthcare/. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  23. Daly J, Jackson D, Mannix J, Davidson PM, Hutchinson M. The importance of clinical leadership in the hospital setting. J Healthcare Leadership. 2014;6:75–83. Available at https://www.dovepress.com/the-importance-of-clinical-leadership-in-the-hospital-setting-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JHL. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Sfantou DF, Laliotis A, Patelarou E, Sifaki-Pistolla D, Matalliotakis M, Patelarou E. Importance of leadership style towards quality of care measures in healthcare settings: a systematic review. Healthcare. 2017;5(4):73. Available at https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/5/4/73/pdf. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Organization Theory. Available at https://businessjargons.com/organizational-theory.html. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  26. Al-Sawai A. Leadership of healthcare professionals: where do we stand? Oman Med J. 2013;28(4):285–7. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3725246/ 2013. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Consador K. Definition of leadership theories. 2017. Available at https://bizfluent.com/about-5386863-definition-leadership-theories.html. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  28. Cherry K. Situational theory of leadership. 2018. Available at https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-situational-theory-of-leadership-2795321. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  29. Tang K (n.d.). Interactional approach theory in leadership. Available at https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/interactional-approach-theory-leadership-14743.html. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  30. Schreinerht E (n.d.). Interactional approach theory in leadership. Available at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/interactional-approach-theory-leadership-36412.html. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  31. Lacoma T (n.d.). Definition of supportive leadership style. Available at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/definition-supportive-leadership-style-21835.html. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  32. Corporate Finance Institute (n.d). What is supportive leadership? Available at https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/careers/soft-skills/supportive-leadership/. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  33. Olowookere, EI, Elegbeleye AO. (n.d.). Transformational leadership style as a catalyst for change in the Nigeria academia. Available at http://m.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/content/download/34462/236997/file/Article+4+.pdf Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  34. Orji MG, Malachy OD, Boman SA, Emmanuel A. Leadership styles and employee performance in Nigerian higher educational institutions. Am J Environ Resour Econ. 2017;2(1):12–21. Available at http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/html/10.11648.j.ajere.20170201.12.html. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Tugbobo AN. The factors influencing the leadership style of Nigerian small scale business entrepreneur. Eur J Bus Manage. 2014;6(1):78. Available at https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/viewFile/10218/10427. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Adanri AA, Singh RK. Transformational leadership: towards effective governance in Nigeria. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci. 2016;6:11. Available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7d2b/599c88249ec5f9ab053edbd3de363b87ff9c.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Igbaekemen GO, Odivwri JE. Impact of leadership style on organization performance: a critical literature review. Arabian J Bus Manag Review. 2015;5:142. Available at https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/impact-of-leadership-style-on-organization-performance-a-critical-literature-review-2223-5833-1000142.php?aid=58909. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Abasilim UA. Transformational leadership style and its relationship with organisational performance in Nigerian work context: A review. 2014. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280324869_Transformational_Leadership_Style_and_Its_Relationship_with_Organisational_Performance_in_Nigerian_Work_Context_A_Review. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  39. Ajibade OE, Ajayi TO, Shobowale O. Leadership style and employees’ performance in Nigerian Federal Polytechnics: a study of Federal Polytechnic, ILaro, Ogun State. J Public Administration, Finance and Law. 2017; 11 17. Available at http://www.jopafl.com/uploads/issue11/LEADERSHIP_STYLE_AND_EMPLOYEES_PERFORMANCE_IN_NIGERIAN_FEDERAL_POLYECHNICS.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  40. Genty IK. Leadership Styles and their Implications for prosperous industrial relations in Nigeria. Eur Sci J. 2014;560(574):1857–7881. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317003882_Leadership_Styles_and_their_Implications_for_Prosperous_Industrial_Relations_in_Nigeria/. http://m.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/content/download/34462/236997/file/Article+4+.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Zirra CTO, Ezie O. Dynamics of leadership styles and the management of small businesses in Nigeria. IOSR J Bus Manage. 2017;19(3). Available at http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Vol19-issue3/Version-1/T190301116125.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  42. Agbato A. Nigerian banking governance, leadership style, and performance during the 2008-2009 financial crisis. Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection. 2016. Available at https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=4052&context=dissertations. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  43. Njoku MGC. Leadership strategies for Nigeria. Available at http://www.strategiimanageriale.ro/papers/130405.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  44. Ejimabo NO. Understanding the impact of leadership in Nigeria: Its reality, challenges, and perspectives SAGE Open, vol. 3, 2. Available at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2158244013490704 2013. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  45. Amos NA, Emmanuel O, et al. The influence of “Nigerian Culture” on leadership and its implication on the sustainable development of the nation. Educ Sci J. 2014;4(1). Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309136559_THE_INFLUENCE_OF_NIGERIAN_CULTURE_ON_LEADERSHIP_AND_ITS_IMPLICATION_ON_THE_SUSTAINABLE_DEVELOPMENT_OF_THE_NATION. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  46. Bunashe J, Broder L. How leaders can best manage conflict within their teams. 2015. Available at https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/247275. Accessed 16 Jan 2019.

  47. Reddy K (n.d.). Strategies for conflict resolutions in teams. Available at https://content.wisestep.com/conflict-resolution-in-teams/. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  48. Woodard R (n.d.). 10 methods of resolving conflict in your project team. Available at https://www.brighthubpm.com/resource-management/95564-ten-ways-to-halt-conflicts-with-project-team-members/. Accessed 2 Feb 2019.

  49. World Health Organization WHO. Learning together to work together for health. Report of a WHO study group on multi-professional education of health personnel: The team approach. World Health Organization Technical Report Series, vol. 769. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1988. p. 1–72.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Lavin M, Ruebling I, Banks R, Block L, Counte M, Furman GE, Miller P, Reese C, Viehmann V, Holt J. Interdisciplinary health professional education: a historical review. Adv Health Sci Educ. 2001;6:25–47. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11857303_Interdisciplinary_Health_Professional_Education_A_Historical_Review. Accessed 2 Feb 2019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Rouse SM, Delunas LA, Anderson M, Anderson JJ. Interprofessional education: development of an interdisciplinary healthcare team project at a Midwestern U.S. university. Med Sci Educ. 2010;20:2. http://www.iamse.org/mse-article/interprofessional-education-development-of-an-interdisciplinary-health-care-team-project-at-a-midwestern-u-s-university/

    Google Scholar 

  52. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Educating health professionals in teams: Current reality, barriers, and related actions. Institute of Medicine Report, 2001; 1-10.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Health professions education: a bridge to quality. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Zwarenstein M, Goldman J, Reeves S, Interprofessional collaboration. Effects of practice-based interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;3

    Google Scholar 

  55. Balogun JA, Aka PC, Balogun AO, Obajuluwa VA. A phenomenological investigation of the first two decades of university-based physiotherapy education in Nigeria. Cogent Med. 2017;4(1) https://doi.org/10.1080/2331205X.2017.1301183. Available at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314878873_A_phenomenological_investigation_of_the_first_two_decades_of_universitybased_physiotherapy_education_in_Nigeria_Joseph_A_Balogun_Philip_Aka_Adetutu_O_Balogun_Victor_A_Obajuluwa_Cogent_Medicine_2017_4. Accessed 12 Feb 2019.

  56. OpenLearn. What are the benefits of interdisciplinary study? 2015. Available at https://www.open.edu/openlearn/education/what-are-the-benefits-interdisciplinary-study. Accessed 12 Feb 2019.

  57. Ju W, Nguyen M. The need for entrepreneurship education in medical school and residency training. Dermatology Times, 2018; 39 Available at https://www.dermatologytimes.com/business/need-entrepreneurship-education-medical-school-and-residency-training. Accessed 12 Feb 2019.

  58. Limb M. The rise of medical entrepreneurs – How students are turning their ideas into innovative apps and products. Student BMJ. Available at http://student.bmj.com/student/view-article.html?id=sbmj.j1694 2017. Accessed 12 Feb 2019.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joseph A. Balogun .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Balogun, J.A. (2021). Leadership of Healthcare Teams, Organisations and Systems: Implications for Curriculum Revision in Medical Education. In: Okonofua, F., Balogun, J.A., Odunsi, K., Chilaka, V.N. (eds) Contemporary Obstetrics and Gynecology for Developing Countries . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75385-6_62

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75385-6_62

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-75384-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-75385-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics