Abstract
The penetration of battery electric vehicles is increasing. Due to their ability to store electrical power and to shift charging events, they offer a wide range of opportunities with regard to renewable grid integration and lowering the overall CO2 emissions. This is particularly evident for isolated microgrids, such as the Portuguese island of Porto Santo. In this paper, we conduct a data analysis of real-world charging data of 20 electric vehicles operated on the island of Porto Santo. We provide insights into the charging behavior of different users and analyze the opportunity of smart charging for better renewable grid integration using linear optimization models. The data analysis shows that drivers prefer home rather than publicly available charging stations, flexible charging events occur mostly overnight and the charging flexibility of the fleet decreases over the project duration. With regard to make charging more flexible, we can see that smart charging can help to raise the share of electricity generated by renewable energy sources for charging the electric vehicles to up to 33%.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Binding, C., et al.: Electric vehicle fleet integration in the danish edison project - a virtual power plant on the island of bornholm. In: IEEE PES General Meeting, pp. 1–8 (2010)
Chen, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Wu, B., Huang, X.: An analysis of the charging characteristics of electric vehicles based on measured data and its application. IEEE Access 6, 24475–24487 (2018)
Develder, C., Sadeghianpourhamami, N., Strobbe, M., Refa, N.: Quantifying flexibility in EV charging as DR potential: analysis of two real-world data sets. In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), pp. 600–605 (2016)
Empresa de Electricidade da Madeira (EEM): Internal report (2018)
Everoze Partners Ltd. and EVConsult: V2G Global Roadtrip: Around the World in 50 Projects - Lessons learned from fifty international vehicle-to-grid projects (2019)
Flammini, M.G., Prettico, G., Julea, A., Fulli, G., Mazza, A., Chicco, G.: Statistical characterisation of the real transaction data gathered from electric vehicle charging stations. Electric Power Syst. Res. 166, 136–150 (2019)
Gay, D., Rogers, T., Shirley, R.: Small island developing states and their suitability for electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid services. Utilities Policy 55, 69–78 (2018)
International Energy Agency: Global ev outlook 2019 - scaling-up the transition to electric mobility (2019)
Lee, Z.J., Li, T., Low, S.H.: ACN-data: analysis and applications of an open EV charging dataset. In: Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems, pp. 139–149. e-Energy 2019, Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2019)
Nakahira, Y., Chen, N., Chen, L., Low, S.: Smoothed least-laxity-first algorithm for ev charging. In: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Future Energy Systems. p. 242–251. e-Energy 2017, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2017)
Neupane, B., Šikšnys, L., Pedersen, T.B.: Generation and evaluation of flex-offers from flexible electrical devices. In: Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems, e-Energy 2017, pp. 143–156. ACM, New York (2017)
Pina, A., Baptista, P., Silva, C., Ferrão, P.: Energy reduction potential from the shift to electric vehicles: the flores island case study. Energy Policy 67, 37–47 (2014)
Sadeghianpourhamami, N., Refa, N., Strobbe, M., Develder, C.: Quantitive analysis of electric vehicle flexibility: a data-driven approach. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 95, 451–462 (2018)
Schlund, J., Pruckner, M., German, R.: FlexAbility - modeling and maximizing the bidirectional flexibility availability of unidirectional charging of large pools of electric vehicles. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems. e-Energy 2020. ACM, New York (2020)
Van Roy, J., Leemput, N., Geth, F., Büscher, J., Salenbien, R., Driesen, J.: Electric vehicle charging in an office building microgrid with distributed energy resources. IEEE Trans. Sustainable Energy 5(4), 1389–1396 (2014)
Verzijlbergh, R.A., Ilić, M.D., Lukszo, Z.: The role of electric vehicles on a green island. In: 2011 North American Power Symposium, pp. 1–7 (2011)
Xydas, E., Marmaras, C., Cipcigan, L.M., Jenkins, N., Carroll, S., Barker, M.: A data-driven approach for characterising the charging demand of electric vehicles: a UK case study. Appl. Energy 162, 763–771 (2016)
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank Groupe Renault and Electricidade da Madeira for data provision and useful discussions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Strobel, L., Schlund, J., Brandmeier, V., Schreiber, M., Pruckner, M. (2021). Smart Charging and Renewable Grid Integration - A Case Study Based on Real-Data of the Island of Porto Santo. In: Afonso, J.L., Monteiro, V., Pinto, J.G. (eds) Sustainable Energy for Smart Cities. SESC 2020. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 375. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73585-2_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73585-2_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-73584-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-73585-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)