Proteoglycans of the Neural Stem Cell Niche

Roll, Lars; Faissner, Andreas

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-73453-4_8

Lars Roll¹² &
Andreas Faissner¹²

Part of the book series: Biology of Extracellular Matrix ((BEM,volume 9))

425 Accesses

Abstract

Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the central nervous system (CNS) follow a precisely timed sequence of neurogenesis and gliogenesis, before they generally vanish after birth. In the adult CNS residual NSCs can be detected in two neurogenic regions, the subependymal zone (SEZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. These regions present favorable environments for stem cells and are considered privileged niches for their persistence and differentiation. Niches comprise the stem cells, their progeny, specialized niche cells, and a specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. Morphogens, cytokines, hormones, and glycoproteins contribute to a rich microenvironment that guides self-renewal and/or differentiation of stem cells. It has become evident that a subclass of ECM constituents is of particular importance for the structure and function of the stem cell niche, the proteoglycans (PGs). PGs can embody a considerable structural variability and intervene in many important cellular functions such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. A better understanding of niche PGs and their regulatory roles will be valuable for the design of artificial growth support of stem cells. This chapter discusses recent insights into the composition and functions of PGs in the microenvironment of NSCs.

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Abbreviations

ChABC:: Chondroitinase ABC
CNS:: Central nervous system
CS:: Chondroitin sulfate
CSC:: Cancer stem cell
CSPG:: Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
DS:: Dermatan sulfate
GAG:: Glycosaminoglycan
GBM:: Glioblastoma multiforme
GPC:: Glypican
HS:: Heparan sulfate
HSPG:: Heparan sulfate proteoglycan
KS:: Keratan sulfate
Mab:: Monoclonal antibody
NSC:: Neural stem cell
OPC:: Oligodendrocyte precursor cell
oSVZ:: Outer subventricular zone
PG:: Proteoglycan
PNN:: Perineuronal net
RG:: Radial glia
RPTP:: Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase
SDC:: Syndecan
SEZ:: Subependymal zone
SVZ:: Subventricular zone
TMZ:: Temozolomide

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge past and present grant support by the Stem Cell Network North Rhine-Westphalia, the German Research Foundation (DFG: GSC 98/1; SPP-1757, Fa 159/20-1, Fa 159/20-2; Fa 159/23-1, Fa 159/24-1), the Mercur-Foundation (Mercator Research Center Ruhr: Pr 2011-0010), the German Ministry of Education, Research and Technology (BMBF 01GN0503), and the Ruhr University Bochum (President’s special programme call 2008).

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Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
Lars Roll & Andreas Faissner

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Correspondence to Andreas Faissner .

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Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Muenster University, Münster, Germany
Martin Götte
Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Karin Forsberg-Nilsson

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Roll, L., Faissner, A. (2021). Proteoglycans of the Neural Stem Cell Niche. In: Götte, M., Forsberg-Nilsson, K. (eds) Proteoglycans in Stem Cells. Biology of Extracellular Matrix, vol 9. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73453-4_8

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