Skip to main content

Abstract

A critical look at the history of physics—both in the field as a whole and in the pedagogical choices—elucidates why it is necessary to pay attention to social justice in physics education. Physicists have a longstanding aim toward objectivity and often deny the effects of culture on the field and its participants. In this chapter, we provide an overview of research and curriculum development on equity and social justice in physics and include examples for addressing the injustice present in the field today. We illustrate how instructors can introduce and integrate discussions of equity and social justice into physics curricula. We also share an example of how concepts in physics (e.g., optics) can be used to support students in identifying inequities and injustice (e.g., overrepresentation of blue eyes). To be clear, this work does not argue for a dichotomized teaching of social justice and physics. Instead, we call for the utilization of a social justice lens in teaching physics and the exploration of physics concepts to identify and address issues of inequity that exist within and outside of the field of physics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

Emerging bilingual:

According to Seltzer et al. (2017, p. 2), the term emerging bilingual includes students who are officially designated by schools as “English language learners (‘ELLs’),” as well as English speakers who are learning other languages (e.g., Spanish, Arabic, Mandarin). They do not use the term ELL because it renders the linguistic repertoires invisible.

References

  • American Association for the Advancement of Science. (1990). Science for all Americans. Retrieved November 30, 2019, from http://www.project2061.org/publications/sfaa/online/chap1.htm.

  • Arielle Evans, A. A., Bretl, K. S., Ross, A., and Daane, A. R. (2019). Introductory physics students’ insights for improving physics culture. In AIP Conf. Proc., Provo, UT, 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronson, E. (1978). The jigsaw classroom. Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atwater, M. M. (2010). Multicultural science education and curriculum materials. Science Activities, 47(4), 103–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atwater, M. M., Butler, M. B., Freeman, T. B., & Carlton Parsons, E. R. (2013). An examination of Black science teacher educators’ experiences with multicultural education, equity, and social justice. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 24(8), 1293–1313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2014). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in America. Lanham: Rowan & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cochran, G. L., Boveda, M., Prescod-Weinstein, C., & Gray, S. (2020). Intersectionality in STEM education research. In C. Johnson, M. Mohr-Schroeder, T. Moore, & L. English (Eds.), Handbook of research on STEM education. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daane, A. R., Decker, S. R., & Sawtelle, V. (2017). Teaching about racial equity in introductory physics courses. The Physics Teacher, 55(6), 328–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daane, A. R., & Sawtelle, V. (2016). Student discourse about equity in an introductory college physics course. In 2016 PERC, 88–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Decker, S. R., & Daane, A. R. (2018). Teaching about inequity: Shifts in student views about diversity in physics. In 2017 PERC Proceedings, 108–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delpit, L. (1988). The silenced dialogue: Power and pedagogy in educating other people’s children. Harvard Educational Review, 58(3), 280–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Education. https://www.ed.gov/stem.

  • DiAngelo, R. (2018). White fragility: Why it’s so hard for white people to talk about racism. Boston: Beacon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, B. M. (2016). Framing the genetics curriculum for social justice: An experimental exploration of how the biology curriculum influences beliefs about racial difference. Science Education, 100(3), 586–616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donovan, B. M. (2017). Learned inequality: Racial labels in the biology curriculum can affect the development of racial prejudice. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 54(3), 379–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eickerman, O., & Rifkin, M. (2020). The elephant in the (physics class) room: Discussing gender inequality in our class. The Physics Teacher, 58, 301. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.5145520.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, L. A., Jaxon, K., & Salter, I. (2016). Composing science: A facilitator’s guide to writing in the science classroom. Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutstein, E. (2003). Teaching and learning mathematics for social justice in an urban, Latino school. Journal for Research in Mathematics education, 34, 37–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatton, J. & Plouffe, P. B. (1997). Science and its ways of knowing. Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrera, S., Mohamed, I. A., & Daane, A. R. (2020). Physics from an underrepresented lens: What I wish others knew. The Physics Teacher, 58, 294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ivie, R., Anderson, G., & White, S. (2014). African Americans and Hispanics among physics & astronomy faculty: Results from the 2012 survey of physics & astronomy degree-granting departments. In Focus on: A publication of the American Institute of Physics Statistical Research Center, July 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2019, from https://www.aip.org/sites/default/files/statistics/faculty/africanhisp-fac-pa-123.pdf.

  • Ivie, R., White, S., Garrett, A., & Anderson, G. (2013, August 2013). Women and physics & astronomy faculty: Results from the 2010 survey of physics degree-granting departments. In Focus on: A publication of the American Institute of Physics Statistical Research Center. Retrieved December 31, 2019, from https://www.aip.org/sites/default/files/statistics/faculty/womenfac-pa-10.pdf.

  • Jayakumar, U. M., & Adamian, A. S. (2017). The fifth frame of colorblind ideology: Maintaining the comforts of colorblindness in the context of white fragility. Sociological Perspectives, 60(5), 912–936. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121417721910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ladson-Billings, G. (2006). From the achievement gap to the education debt: Understanding achievement in US schools. Educational Researcher, 35(7), 3–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ladson-Billings, G. (2007). Pushing past the achievement gap: An essay on the language of deficit. The Journal of Negro Education, 76, 316–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lock, R. M., & Hazari, Z. (2016). Discussing underrepresentation as a means to facilitating female students’ physics identity development. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 12(2), 020101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maile, D. (2015a, May 13). Science, time, and Mauna a Wākea: The thirty-meter telescope’s capitalist-colonialist violence, part I. The Red Nation. https://therednation.org/2015/05/13/science-time-and-mauna-a-wakea-the-thirty-meter-telescopes-capitalist-colonialist-violence-an-essay-in-two-parts/.

  • Maile, D. (2015b, May 20). Science, time, and Mauna a Wākea: The thirty-meter telescope’s capitalist-colonialist violence, part II. The Red Nation. https://therednation.org/2015/05/20/science-time-and-mauna-a-wakea-the-thirty-meter-telescopes-capitalist-colonialist-violence/.

  • Maskiewicz, A. C., & Winters, V. A. (2012). Understanding the co-construction of inquiry practices: A case study of a responsive teaching environment. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 49(4), 429–464. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClellan, J. E., III. (2010). Colonialism and science: Saint Domingue and the old regime. University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClellan, J. E., III, & Regourd, F. (2000). The colonial machine: French science and colonization in the Ancien regime. Osiris, 15, 31–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGee, E. O. (2016). Devalued Black and Latino racial identities. American Educational Research Journal, 53(6), 1626–1662. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831216676572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Misawa, M. (2010). Queer race pedagogy for educators in higher education: Dealing with power dynamics and positionality of LGBTQ students of color. The International Journal of Critical Pedagogy, 3(1), 26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morus, I. R. (2005). When physics became king. University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • NASA. (2019). Cassini. Last modified January 28, 2019. https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/main/index.html.

  • Neilson, H. R., Rousseau-Nepton, L., Lawler, S., & Spekkens, K. (2019). Indigenizing the next decade of astronomy in Canada. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.02976.

  • Neilson, H. R., & Lawler, S. (2019). Canadian astronomy on Maunakea: On respecting Indigenous rights. arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.03665.

  • Parent, M. C., DeBlaere, C., & Moradi, B. (2013). Approaches to research on intersectionality: Perspectives on gender, LGBT, and racial/ethnic identities. Sex Roles, 68(11–12), 639–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potvin, G., Hazari, Z., & Lock, R. M. (2015). Exposure to underrepresentation discussion: The impacts on women’s attitudes and identities. Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings, 2014, 211–214. https://doi.org/10.1119/perc.2014.pr.049.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prescod-Weinstein, C. (2017, April 25). Decolonising science reading list. Medium. https://medium.com/@chanda/decolonising-science-reading-list-339fb773d51f.

  • Rifkin, M. (2015). Physics, equity, and social justice: Why are there so few black physicists? The Physics Teacher, 53(7), 447–447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rifkin, M. (2016). Addressing underrepresentation: Physics teaching for all. The Physics Teacher, 54(2), 72–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salazar, J. A. (2014, December 2014). Multicultural settler colonialism and indigenous struggle in Hawaiʻi: The politics of astronomy on Mauna a Wākea. Doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seltzer, K., García, O., & Ibarra Johnson, S. (2017). The translanguaging classroom: Leveraging student bilingualism for learning. Philadelphia, PA: Caslon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatum, B. D. (2017). Why are all the black kids sitting together in the cafeteria: And other conversations about race. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Traweek, S. (1992). Beamtimes and lifetimes. Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Underrepresentation Curriculum. (2018). Retrieved November 30, 2019, from www.underrep.com. Endnote: Classroom Setup.

  • Varelas, M. (Ed.). (2012). Identity construction and science education research. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitt, L. (2009). Science, colonialism, and indigenous peoples: The cultural politics of law and knowledge. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Suggested Reading

  • Alvarado, C., Daane, A. R., Scherr, R. E., & Zavala, G. (2014). Responsiveness among peers leads to productive disciplinary engagement. In 2013 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings (pp. 57–60).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barthelemy, R. S., Henderson, C., & Grunert, M. L. (2013). How do they get here? Paths into physics education research. Physical Review Special Topics-Physics Education Research, 9(2), 020107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barthelemy, R. S., McCormick, M., & Henderson, C. (2016). Gender discrimination in physics and astronomy: Graduate student experiences of sexism and gender microaggressions. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 12(2), 020119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blue, J., Traxler, A., & Cochran, G. (2019). Resource letter: GP-1: Gender and physics. American Journal of Physics, 87(8), 616–626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cochran, G. L., Gupta, A., Hyater-Adams, S., Knaub, A. V., & Roman, B. Z. (2019). Emerging reflections from the People of Color (POC) at PERC Discussion Space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.01655.

  • Cochran, G. L., Hodapp, T., & Brown, E. A. (2018, July 22–26). Identifying barriers to ethnic/racial minority students’ participation in graduate physics In PERC Proceedings, Cincinnati, OH.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daane, A. R., Decker, S. R., & Sawtelle, V. (2017). Teaching about racial equity in introductory physics courses. The Physics Teacher, 55(6), 328–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hazari, Z., Cass, C., & Beattie, C. (2015). Obscuring power structures in the physics classroom: Linking teacher positioning, student engagement, and physics identity development. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 52(6), 735–762.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hazari, Z., Potvin, G., Tai, R. H., & Almarode, J. T. (2012). Motivation toward a graduate career in the physical sciences: Gender differences and the impact on science career productivity. Journal of College Science Teaching, 41(4), 90–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyater-Adams, S., Fracchiolla, C., Finkelstein, N., & Hinko, K. (2018). Critical look at physics identity: An operationalized framework for examining race and physics identity. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 14(1), 010132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyater-Adams, S., Fracchiolla, C., Williams, T., Finkelstein, N., & Hinko, K. (2019). Deconstructing Black physics identity: Linking individual and social constructs using the critical physics identity framework. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 15(2), 020115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jerome, F., & Taylor, R. (2005). Einstein on race and racism. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutger University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maldonado-Torres, N. (2004). The topology of being and the geopolitics of knowledge: Modernity, empire, coloniality. City, 8(1), 29–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patridge, E. V., Barthelemy, R. S., & Rankin, S. R. (2014). Factors impacting the academic climate for LGBQ STEM faculty. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 20(1), 75–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Posselt, J. R., Hernandez, T. E., Cochran, G. L., & Miller, C. W. (2019). Metrics first, diversity later? Making the shortlist and getting admitted to physics PhD programs. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 25(4), 283–306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prescod-Weinstein, C. (2020). Making Black women scientists under White empiricism: The racialization of epistemology in physics. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 45(2), 421–447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosa, K., & Martins, M. C. (2009). Approaches and methodologies for a course on history and epistemology of physics: Analyzing the experience of a Brazilian university. Science & Education, 18(1), 149–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosa, K., & Mensah, F. M. (2016). Educational pathways of Black women physicists: Stories of experiencing and overcoming obstacles in life. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 12(2), 020113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Geraldine L. Cochran .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Cochran, G.L., Hyater-Adams, S., Alvarado, C., Prescod-Weinstein, C., Daane, A.R. (2021). Social Justice and Physics Education. In: Ozaki, C.C., Parson, L. (eds) Teaching and Learning for Social Justice and Equity in Higher Education. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69947-5_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69947-5_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-69946-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-69947-5

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics