Abstract
Manufactured nanomaterials are being used in a wide spectrum of commercial and environmental applications. However, the nanotoxicity associated with these materials has various effects on human health and diseases and has drawn ample attention during the past decade. The nanomaterials have the same dimensions as biological molecules and they lead to unexpected and unanticipated consequences on interaction with biological systems. Humans are already exposed to nanomaterials through aeration, dietary intake, drinking water, and medical applications. Different toxicology studies have suggested the possibility of adverse effects on the immune system, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and the carcinogenic potential of nanomaterials. The risk to human health is ascertained by exposure assessment, occupational health surveillance, and regulatory considerations such as registration, evaluation, authorization, Restriction of Chemicals, and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health for nanomaterials. The generation of data on exposure is hardly needed for risk calculation. This chapter gives an overview of the toxicologist’s perspective associated with the mobility, bioavailability, and bioaccumulation in living organisms and the possible implications for human health risk assessments. A large number of toxicological studies have been carried out by researchers on in vitro or in vivo systems; this work can help them to fill knowledge gaps and spread awareness about the issues encountered whileassessing the toxicity of nanomaterials. Many authors agree that occupational risk assessment for nanomaterials should be critically evaluated and ultimately revised for application to nanomaterials.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Abbasi E, Milani M, Aval SF, Kouhi M, Akbarzadeh A, Nasrabadi HT, Nikasa P, Joo SW, Hanifehpour Y, Koshki KN, Samiei M (2016) Silver nanoparticles: synthesis methods, bio-applications and properties. Crit Rev Microbiol 42:173–180. https://doi.org/10.3109/1040841X.2014.912200
Akhtar MJ, Ahamed M, Kumar S, Siddiqui H, Patil G, Ashquin M, Ahmada I (2010) Nanotoxicity of pure silica mediated through oxidant generation rather than glutathione depletion in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicology 276:95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2010.07.010
Aschberger K, Micheletti C, Klüttgen BS, Christensen FM (2011) Analysis of currently available data for characterising the risk of engineered nanomaterials to the environment and human health – lessons learned from four case studies. Environ Int 37:1143–1156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.02.005
Bals R, Boyd J, Esposito S, Foronjy R, Hiemstra PS, Jiménez-Ruiz CA et al (2019) Electronic cigarettes: a task force report from the European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J 53:1801151. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01151-2018
Barlow PG, Donaldson K, MacCallum J, Clouter A, Stone V (2005) Serum exposed to nanoparticle carbon black displays increased potential to induce macrophage migration. Toxicol Lett 155:397–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.006
Borm PJA, Schins RPF, Albrecht C (2004) Inhaled particles and lung cancer Part A: mechanisms. Int J Cancer 110(109):799–809. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.11708
Brouwer DH, Spaan S, Roff M, Sleeuwenhoek A, Tuinman L, Goede H, van Duuren-Stuurman B, Filon FL, Bello D, Cherrie JW (2016) Occupational dermal exposure to nanoparticles and nano-enabled products: part 2, exploration of exposure processes and methods of assessment. Int J Hyg Environ Health 219:503–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.003
BSI (2007) Nanotechnologies part 1. Good practice guide for specifying manufactured nanomaterials. BSI British Standards, London
Buzea C, Pacheco II, Robbie K (2007) Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: sources and toxicity. Biointerphases 2:MR17–MR71. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2815690
Chen Z, Meng HA, Xing GM, Chen CY, Zhao YL, Jia GA, Wang TC, Yuan H, Ye C, Zhao F, Chai ZF, Zhu CF, Fang XH, Ma BC, Wan LJ (2006) Acute toxicological effects of copper nanoparticles in vivo. Toxicol Lett 163:109–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.10.003
Cui DX, Tian FR, Ozkan CS, Wang M, Gao HJ (2005) Effect of single wall carbon nanotubes on human HEK293 cells. Toxicol Lett 155:73–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.08.015
Dahl A, Gharibi A, Swietlicki E, Gudmundsson A, Bohgard M, Ljungman A, Blomqvist G, Gustafsson M (2006) Traffic-generated emissions of ultrafine particles from pavement-tire interface. Atmos Environ 40:1314–1323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.10.029
Dasgupta N, Ranjan S, Rajendran B, Manickam V, Ramalingam C, Avadhani G, Ashutosh K (2015) Thermal co-reduction approach to vary size of silver nanoparticle: its microbial and cellular toxicology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:4149–4163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4570-z
ECHA (2008) REACH guidance on information requirements and chemicals safety assessment. European Chemicals Agency. http://guidance.echa.europa.eu/guidance_en.htm. Accessed 16 Dec 2020
Erdely A, Hulderman T, Salmen R, Liston A, Zeidler-Erdely PC, Schwegler-Berry D, Simeonova PP (2009) Cross-talk between lung and systemic circulation during carbon nanotube respiratory exposure. Potential biomarkers. Nano Lett 9:36–43. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl801828z
Farcal LR, Uboldi C, Mehn D, Giudetti G, Nativo P, Ponti J, Gilliland D, Rossi F, Price AB (2012) Mechanisms of toxicity induced by SiO2 nanoparticles of in vitro human alveolar barrier: effects on cytokine production, oxidative stress induction, surfactant proteins A mRNA expression and nanoparticles uptake. Nanotoxicology 7:1095–1110. https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2012.71065
Farokhzad OC, Langer R (2009) Impact of nanotechnology on drug delivery. ACS Nano 3:16–20. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn900002m
Fatkhutdinova LM, Khaliullin TO, Vasilyeva OL, Zalyalov RR, Mustafin IG, Kisin ER, Birch ME, Yanamala N, Shvedova AA (2016) Fibrosis biomarkers in workers exposed to MWCNTs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 299:125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.016
Foulkes R, Man E, Thind J, Yeung S, Joya A, Hoskins C (2020) The regulation of nanomaterials and nanomedicines for clinical application: current and future perspectives. Biomater Sci 8:4653–4664. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0BM00558D
Fu PP, Xia Q, Hwang HM, Ray PC, Yu H (2014) Mechanisms of nanotoxicity: generation of reactive oxygen species. J Food Drug Anal 22:64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.005
Gatoo MA, Naseem S, Arfat MY, Dar AM, Qasim K, Zubair S (2014) Physicochemical properties of nanomaterials: implication in associated toxic manifestations. Biomed Res Int 498420. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/498420
Ghadimi M, Zangenehtabar S, Homaeigohar S (2020) An overview of the water remediation potential of nanomaterials and their ecotoxicological impacts. Water 12:1150. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041150
Ghebretatios M, Schaly S, Prakash S (2021) Nanoparticles in the food industry and their impact on human gut microbiome and diseases. Int J Mol Sci 22:1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041942
Gomes JFP, Albuquerque PCS, Miranda RMM, Vieira MTF (2012) Determination of airborne nanoparticles from welding operations. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 75:747–755. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2012.688489
Handy RD, Shaw BJ (2007) Toxic effects of nanoparticles and nanomaterials: implications for public health, risk assessment and the public perception of nanotechnology. Health Risk Soc 9:125–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698570701306807
Health Council of the Netherlands (2012) Working with nanoparticles: exposure registry and health monitoring. Publication No. 2012/31E. Health Council of the Netherlands, The Hague. Retrieved from https://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/summaryEngineerednanoparticles201231E.pdf
Hirose A (2013) International trend of guidance for nanomaterial risk assessment. YakugakuZasshi 133:175–180. https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.12-00244-4
Iavicoli I, Leso V, Manno M, Schulte PA (2014) Biomarkers of nanomaterial exposure and effect: current status. J Nanopart Res 16:2302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2302-9
IFA (2009) Criteria for assessment of the effectiveness of protective measures. Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung. Retrieved from http://www.dguv.de/ifa/en/fac/nanopartikel/beurteilungsmassstaebe/index.jsp
Kim TH, Kim M, Park HS, Shin US, Gong MS, Kim HW (2012) Size-dependent cellular toxicity of silver nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 100:1033–1043. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34053
Kreyling WG, Gapp SF, Schäffler M, Johnston BD, Haberl N, Pfeiffer C, Diendorf J, Schleh C, Hirn S, Behnke MS, Epple M, Parak WJ (2014) In vitro and in vivo interactions of selected nanoparticles with rodent serum proteins and their consequences in biokinetics. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 5:1699–1711. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.180
Lee JH, Mun J, Park JD, Yu IJ (2012) A health surveillance case study on workers who manufacture silver nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology 6:667–669. https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2011.600840
Li Z, Cong H, Yan Z, Liu A, Yu B (2018) The potential human health and environmental issues of nanomaterials. In: Hussain CM (ed) Handbook of nanomaterials for industrial applications, pp 1049–1054. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813351-4.00060-2
Li Y, Liu Y, Hu C, Chang Q, Deng Q, Yang X, Wu Y (2020) Study of the neurotoxicity of indoor airborne nanoparticles based on a 3D human blood-brain barrier chip. Environ Int 143:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105598
Liang XW, Ping XZ, Jeffrey G, Zvyagin AV, Roberts MS, Liu X (2013) Penetration of nanoparticles into human skin. Curr Pharm Des 19:6353–6366. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319350011
Liao HY, Chung YT, Lai CH, Lin MH, Liou SH (2014) Sneezing and allergic dermatitis were increased in engineered nanomaterial handling workers. Ind Health 52:199–215. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2013-0100
Liu Z, Dong X, Song L, Zhang H, Liu L, Zhu D, Song C, Leng X (2014) Carboxylation of multiwalled carbon nanotube enhanced its biocompatibility with L02 cells through decreased activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. J Biomed Mater Res A 102:665–673. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.34729
Manke A, Wang L, Rojanasakul Y (2013) Mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress and toxicity. Biomed Res Int 2013:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/942916
Masciangioli T, Zhang WX (2003) Environmental technologies at the nanoscale. Environ Sci Technol 37:102A–108A. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0323998
Maynard AD, Aitken RJ (2007) Assessing exposure to airborne nanomaterials: current abilities and future requirements. Nanotoxicology 1:26–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390701314720
Minoura H, Takekawa H (2005) Observation of number concentrations of atmospheric aerosols and analysis of nanoparticle behavior at an urban background area in Japan. Atmos Environ 39:5806–5816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.033
Monteiro-Riviere NA, Nemanich RJ, Inman AO, Wang YYY, Riviere JE (2005) Multi-walled carbon nanotube interactions with human epidermal keratinocytes. Toxicol Lett 155:377–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.004
National Research Council (2006) Committee on Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Toxicants, human biomonitoring for environmental chemicals. National Academies Press, Washington, DC
Newman MC (1998) Fundamentals of ecotoxicology. Ann Arbor Press, Chelsea
Nho R (2020) Pathological effects of nano-sized particles on the respiratory system. Nanomed: Nanotechnol Biol Med 29:102242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2020.102242
NIOSH (2013) Current strategies for engineering controls in nanomaterial production and downstream handling processes. Publication No. 2014-102. Cincinnati
Oberdorster G, Oberdorster E, Oberdorster J (2005a) Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health Perspect 113:823–839. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7339
Oberdorster G, Maynard A, Donaldson K, Castranova V, Fitzpatrick J, Ausman K, Carter J, Karn B, Kreyling W, Lai D, Olin S, Monteiro-Riviere N, Warheit D, Yang H (2005b) Principles for characterizing the potential human health effects from exposure to nanomaterials: elements of a screening strategy. Part Fibre Toxicol 2:8–35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-8977-2-8
Ochs M, Nyengaard JR, Jung A, Knudsen L, Voigt M, Wahlers T et al (2004) The number of alveoli in the human lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169:120–124
OECD (2008) Working party on manufactured nanomaterials: list of manufactured nanomaterials and list of endpoints for phase one of the OECD testing programme (ENV/JM/MONO(2008)13/REV). http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2008doc.nsf/LinkTo/NT000034C6/$FILE/JT03248749.PDFDate. Accessed 01 Jan 2020
OECD (2010) Report of the workshop on risk assessment of manufactured nanomaterials in a regulatory context. No. 21–ENV/JM/MONO(2010)10. OECD, Paris
Omar RA, Afreen S, Talreja N, Chauhan D, Ashfaq M (2019). Impact of nanomaterials in plant systems. In: Prasad, R. (eds) Plant nanobionics. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12496-0_6
Pelclova D, Barosova H, Kukutschova J, Zdimal V, Navratil T, Fenclova Z, Zakharov S (2015) Microspectroscopy of exhaled breath condensate and urine in workers exposed to fine and nano TiO2 particles: a cross-sectional study. J Breath Res 9:036008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7155/9/3/036008
Pietroiusti A, Campagnolo L, Fadeel B (2013) Interactions of engineered nanoparticles with organs protected by internal biological barriers. Small 9:1557–1572. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201201463
Riasat R, Guangjun N, Riasat Z, Aslam I, Sakeena M (2016) Effects of nanoparticles on gastrointestinal disorders and therapy. J Clin Toxicol 6:4. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000313
Rosenman KD, Seixas N, Jacobs I (1987) Potential nephrotoxic effects of exposure to silver. Br J Ind Med 44:267–272. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.44.4.267
Royal Society (2004) Nanoscience and nanotechnologies: opportunities and uncertainties. Report by the Royal Society and The Royal Academy of Engineering. http://www.nanotec.org.uk/finalReport.htm
Ryman-Rasmussen JP, Riviere JE, Variables NA (2007) Influencing interactions of untargeted quantum dot nanoparticles with skin cells and identification of biochemical modulators. Nano Lett 7:1344–1348. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl070375j
Ryman-Rasmussen JP, Cesta MF, Brody AR, Shipley-Phillips JK, Everitt JI, Tewksbury EW, Moss OR, Wong BA, Dodd DE, Andersen ME, Bonner JC (2009) Inhaled carbon nanotubes reach the subpleural tissue in mice. Nat Nanotechnol l4:747–751. https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.305
Savolainen K, Aleniusa H, Norppa H, Pylkkanen L, Tuomia T, Kasper G (2010) Risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials and nanotechnologies – a review. Toxicology 269:92–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2010.01.013
Shi ZL, Neoh KG, Kang ET, Wang W (2006) Antibacterial and mechanical properties of bone cement impregnated with chitosan nanoparticles. Biomaterials 27:2440–2449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.11.036
Shvedova AA, Castranova V, Kisin ER, Berry DS, Murray AR, Gandelsman VZ, Maynard A, Baron P (2003) Exposure to carbon nanotube material: assessment of nanotube cytotoxicity using human keratinocyte cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A 66:1909–1926. https://doi.org/10.1080/713853956
Stebounova LV, Morgan H, Grassian VH, Brenner S (2012) Health and safety implications of occupational exposure to engineered nanomaterials. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 4:310–321. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.174
Stockmann-Juvala H, Taxell P, Santonen T (2014) Formulating Occupational Exposure Limits Values (OELs) (inhalation & dermal). Scaffold Public Documents – Ref. Scaffold SPD7
Thomas K, Sayre P (2005) Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, part I: evaluating the human health implications of exposure to nanoscale materials. Toxicol Sci 87:316–321. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfi270
Tiede K, Hanssen SF, Westerhoff P, Fern GJ, Hankin SM, Aitken RJ, Chaudhry Q, Boxall ABA (2015) How important is drinking water exposure for the risks of engineered nanoparticles to consumers? Nanotoxicology 1022888:1–9. https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2015
Utembe W, Potgieter K, Stefaniak AB, Gulumian M (2015) Dissolution and biodurability: important parameters needed for risk assessment of nanomaterials. Part Fibre Toxicol 12:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-015-0088-2
Vickers AE, Rose K, Fisher R, Saulnier M, Sahota P, Bentley P (2004) Kidney slices of human and rat to characterize cisplatin-induced injury on cellular pathways and morphology. Toxicol Pathol 32:577–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230490508821
Vinod C, Jena S (2021) Nano-neurotheranostics: impact of nanoparticles on neural dysfunctions and strategies to reduce toxicity for improved efficacy. Front Pharmacol 12:612692. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.612692
Wang WX (2016) Bioaccumulation and biomonitoring. Trace metal ecotoxicology and biogeochemistry. Mar Ecotoxicol. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803371-5.00004-7
Wang M, Lai X, Shao L, Li L (2018) Evaluation of immunoresponses and cytotoxicity from skin exposure to metallic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 13:4445–4459. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S170745
Wei Y, Yan B (2016) Special topic: environmental pollution and health risk nano products in daily life: to know what we do not know. Natl Sci Rev 3:414–415. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nww073
Yezhelyev MV, Gao X, Xing Y, Al-Hajj A, Nie SM, O’Regan RM (2006) Emerging use of nanoparticles in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Lancet Oncol 7:657–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70793-8
Zuin S, Micheletti C, Critto A, Pojana G, Johnston H, Stone V, Tran L, Marcomini A (2011) Weight of evidence approach for the relative hazard ranking of nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology 5:445–458. https://doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2010.512986
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Saini, P.K., Kumar, N., Keshu, Shanker, U. (2022). Health Issues and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterial. In: Shanker, U., Hussain, C.M., Rani, M. (eds) Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69023-6_30-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69023-6_30-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-69023-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-69023-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics