Abstract
It is evident that high consumption of several kind of products around the world increases the presence of pollutants in different water sources. For example, caffeine is an alkaloid widely used in foods, beverages, and commercial analgesic medicines as a central nervous system stimulant. Caffeine is an anthropogenic pollutant, and it is part of emergent contaminants. In addition, nickel (II) has been found in industrial effluents such as mining, oil refining, mineral processing, electroplating, silver refining, paint formulation, battery manufacturing, and steam electric power plants. This metal is toxic and it bio-accumulates, thus it has been classified as a priority pollutant. Thus, it is necessary to use innovative techniques to remove pollutants of water. In this sense, adsorption is an option to deal with this problem; therefore, carbonaceous materials could be a good alternative. Moreover, magnetic carbon composites obtained from carbonaceous materials have been widely studied for environmental applications, as it makes easy the process of separation from aqueous solutions.
In the present work, commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) modified with different oxidant agents—nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and sulfuric acid—and fique bagasse biochar (BC) were magnetized and used for removal of caffeine and nickel (II) from aqueous solution. The magnetization of GAC and BC were carried out by coprecipitation method. Characterization of carbonaceous materials were performed through different techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, surface area measurement, and zero point charge measurement.
Adsorption capacities of caffeine and nickel were significantly different between magnetic carbonaceous materials and nonmagnetic carbonaceous materials, being better the starting activated carbons. Additionally, the results for GAC, BC, and GAC-M fit well with Redlich-Peterson isotherm. Finally, pseudo-first-order model described better kinetic data for magnetic carbonaceous materials, while pseudo-second-order model fits better for biochar, activated carbon, and their derivatives.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Framework Agreement between the Universidad de Los Andes and the Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Bogotá and the act of agreement established between the chemistry departments of both universities. The Prof. Dr. Juan Carlos Moreno-Piraján appreciate the grant for the funding of research programs for associate professors, full professors, and emeritus professors announced by the Faculty of Sciences of the Universidad de los Andes (Colombia), 20-01-2020, 20-01-2022, according to the project number INV-2019-84-1786. Authors thank the Faculty of Sciences of Universidad de los Andes for the partial funding through the project INV-2019-86-1819 and Universidad de Caldas for the support to doctoral studies. Finally, the authors wish to express their gratitude to the Ministry of Science and Technology of Colombia (Minciencias) and its Call 811-2018 “Postdoctoral stay program for Colciencias training beneficiaries in SNCTeI entities.”
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Rodríguez-Estupiñán, P., Correa-Navarro, Y.M., Giraldo, L., Moreno-Piraján, J.C. (2021). Lignocellulosic Wastes as Precursor of Carbonaceous Magnetic Adsorbents by Organic and Inorganic Pollutants Adsorption. In: Meili, L., Dotto, G.L. (eds) Advanced Magnetic Adsorbents for Water Treatment. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 61. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64092-7_4
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