Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles have received special attention in recent years, mainly due to the interesting electronic properties of transition metals. Inorganic nanoparticles have redox, optical and magnetic properties that allow them to function as therapeutic agents and as diagnostic tools, leading to a theranostic approach of bimedical applications.
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of reactive species and their overproduction due to disruptive factors, so that reactive species overwhelm the antioxidant defense of the human body. It can cause various pathologies, those related to inflammatory phenomena, cardiovascular problems and aging being notorious. Nanotechnologies can provide solutions in reducing oxidative stress at the systemic or targeted level, being known the applications of nanoparticles as targeted drug delivery agents.
Due to the incomplete electron-occupied d or f orbitals of transition metals, cumulated with crystalline defects, the inorganic nanoparticles had redox properties that allow them to be involved in biochemical redox processes. In this context, the up-to-date results regarding the obtaining and antioxidant activity of the nanoparticles with core-shell structure will be discussed here. The study will be done both from the perspective of the intrinsic activity of the inorganic core of the nanoparticles with core-shell structure, and of the activity added by the coating polymer layer, which may itself be active, or may contain antioxidants. A large part of this essay is dedicated to magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) with free radical scavenging properties. Two particular examples are discussed in details: magnetic nanoparticles as platforms for the transport and protection of natural antioxidants and MNP conjugated with nanoceria as synthetic inorganic antioxidants.
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Abbreviations
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- MNP:
-
Magnetic nanoparticles
- PEI:
-
Polyethyleneimine
- SBEβCD:
-
Sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin
- PCA:
-
Protocatehuic acid
- SBEβCD/PCA:
-
Inclusion complex of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin with protocatehuic acid
- MPEI:
-
Magnetite nanoparticles coated with branched polyethyleneimine
- MPEI-PCA:
-
Magnetite nanoparticles coated with branched polyethyleneimine and loaded with protocatehuic acid
- MPEI-SBEβCD/PCA:
-
Magnetite nanoparticles coated with branched polyethyleneimine and loaded with the sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex with protocatehuic acid
- CeNP:
-
Cerium oxide nanoparticles
- CePEI:
-
Cerium oxide nanoparticles coated with branched polyethyleneimine
- CePEI-GA:
-
Cerium oxide nanoparticles coated with crosslinked polyethyleneimine with glutaric aldehyde
- MPEI-GA:
-
Magnetite nanoparticles coated with glutaric aldehyde crosslinked polyethyleneimine containing active aldehyde groups
- MCePEI-GA:
-
Interconnected magnetite and cerium oxide nanoparticles of crosslinked polyethyleneimine with glutaric aldehyde
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Acknowledgements
This project has received funding from the H2020 ERA Chairs Project no 667387: SupraChem Lab Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry for Adaptive Delivery Systems ERA Chair initiative. This work was also supported by a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation, CCCDI–UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0697/13PCCDI/2018, within PNCDI III.
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Fifere, A., Moleavin, IA.T., Lungoci, AL., Marangoci, N.L., Pinteala, M. (2021). Inorganic Nanoparticles as Free Radical Scavengers. In: J.M. Abadie, M., Pinteala, M., Rotaru, A. (eds) New Trends in Macromolecular and Supramolecular Chemistry for Biological Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57456-7_15
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