Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Management of Advanced Breast Cancer in Young Women: What’s New in Systemic Treatment

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Breast Cancer in Young Women

  • 854 Accesses

Abstract

Advanced breast cancer (ABC) in young women is defined as diagnosis of ABC prior to age 40. The multitude of factors that make treating breast cancer in young women challenging in early breast cancer is further increased in the advanced setting. Current guideline recommendations are generally based on data generated from studies in postmenopausal patients, although in recent years there have been more and more trials accommodating and inclusive of younger women. Available guidelines and evidence suggest that age alone should not dictate treatment decisions; rather treatment should be driven by biology, clinical aspects, and patient preference, as for older patients. Much like in the early setting, in the advanced setting there are unique psychosocial, fertility, and genetic issues, made all the more difficult in the presence of endocrine-responsive disease which requires rendering the women postmenopausal usually indefinitely.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(1):7–30. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21442.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Falkson G, Holcroft C, Gelman RS, Tormey DC, Wolter JM, Cummings FJ. Ten-year follow-up study of premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13(6):1453–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Howlader N, Noone A, Krapcho M, Miller D, Bishop K, Kosary C, et al. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975–2014. Bethesda, MD: Natl Cancer Institute; 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cardoso F, Beishon M, Cardoso MJ, Corneliussen-James D, Gralow J, Mertz S, et al. Global status of advanced/metastatic breast cancer (ABC/mBC): a decade report 2005–2015. Eur J Cancer. 2016;57:S5–6.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Li HC, Wen XF, Hou YF, Shen KW, Wu J, Lu JS, et al. Addition of adjuvant tamoxifen to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil for premenopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Asian J Surg. 2003;26(3):163–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. NCCN. NCCN Clinical Guidelines Version 1.2018: Genetic/familial high-risk assessment: breast and ovarian. 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cardoso F, Senkus E, Costa A, Papadopoulos E, Aapro M, André F, Harbeck N, Lopez BA, Barrios CH, Bergh J, Biganzoli L, Boers-Doets CB, Cardoso MJ, Carey LA, Cortés J, Curigliano G, Diéras V, El Saghir NS, Eniu A, Fallowfield L, Francis PA, et al. 4th ESO-ESMO International Consensus Guidelines for Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC 4). Ann Oncol. 2018;29(8):1634–57.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. NCCN. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines). Breast cancer. Version 1.2018 [Internet]. 2018. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/breast.pdf

  9. Klijn JGM, De Jong FH. Treatment with a luteinising-hormone-releasing analogue (Buserelin) in premenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. Lancet. 1982;319(8283):1213–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Williams MR, Walker KJ, Turkes A, Blamey RW, Nicholson RI. The use of an LH-RH agonist (ICI 118630, Zoladex) in advanced premenopausal breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1986;53(5):629–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Taylor CW, Green S, Dalton WS, Martino S, Rector D, Ingle JN, et al. Multicenter randomized clinical trial of goserelin versus surgical ovariectomy in premenopausal patients with receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: an intergroup study. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(3):994–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Horton S, Gauvreau CL. Cancer in low- and middle-income countries: an economic overview. In: Disease control priorities, Cancer, vol. 3. 3rd ed. Bethesda, MD: NCBI; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Prinja S, Nandi A, Horton S, Levin C, Laxminarayan R. Costs, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of selected surgical procedures and platforms. In: Disease control priorities, Essential surgery, vol. 1. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: The World Bank; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Robertson JF, Blamey RW. The use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists in early and advanced breast cancer in pre- and perimenopausal women. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39(7):861–9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12706354%5CnF:%5CDocuments%5CEpapers%5CRobertson

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Blamey RW, Jonat W, Kaufmann M, Raffaele Bianco A, Namer M. Goserelin depot in the treatment of premenopausal advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1992;28(4–5):810–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Blamey RW, Jonat W, Kaufmann M, Bianco ARNM. Survival data relating to the use of goserelin depot in the treatment of premenopausal advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1993;29A(10):1498.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Al Asiri M, Tunio MA, Abdulmoniem R. Is radiation-induced ovarian ablation in breast cancer an obsolete procedure? Results of a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Targets Ther. 2016;8:109–16.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Paluch-Shimon S, Pagani O, Partridge AH, Abulkhair O, Cardoso M-J, Dent RA, et al. ESO-ESMO 3rd international consensus guidelines for breast cancer in young women (BCY3). Breast. 2017;35:203–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Freedman RA, Partridge AH. Management of breast cancer in very young women. The Breast [Internet]. 2013;22:S176–9. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960977613001690

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Havrilesky LJ, Moss HA, Chino J, Myers ER, Kauff ND. Mortality reduction and cost-effectiveness of performing hysterectomy at the time of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy for prophylaxis against serous/serous-like uterine cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Gynecol Oncol. 2017;145(3):549–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Buchanan RB, Blamey RW, Durrant KR, Howell A, Paterson AG, Preece PE, et al. A randomized comparison of tamoxifen with surgical oophorectomy in premenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1986;4(9):1326–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ingle JN, Krook JE, Green SJ, Kubista TP, Everson LK, Ahmann DL, et al. Randomized trial of bilateral oophorectomy versus tamoxifen in premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1986;4(2):178–85. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3511184

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sawka CA, Pritchard KI, Shelley W, DeBoer G, Paterson AHG, Meakin JW, et al. A randomized crossover trial of tamoxifen versus ovarian ablation for metastatic breast cancer in premenopausal women: a report of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) trial MA.1. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1997;44(3):211–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Crump M, Sawka CA, DeBoer G, Buchanan RB, Ingle JN, Forbes J, et al. An individual patient-based meta-analysis of tamoxifen versus ovarian ablation as first line endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1997;44(3):201–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Michaud LB, Jones KL, Buzdar AU. Combination endocrine therapy in the management of breast cancer. Oncologist. 2001;6(1083–7159 SB–IM):538–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Rugo HS, Rumble RB, Macrae E, Barton DL, Connolly HK, Dickler MN, et al. Endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer: American society of clinical oncology guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(25):3069–103.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Thill M, Liedtke C. AGO recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with advanced and metastatic breast cancer: update 2016. Breast Care. 2016;11(3):216–22.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Boccardo F, Rubagotti A, Perrotta A, Amoroso D, Balestrero M, De Matteis A, et al. Ovarian ablation versus goserelin with or without tamoxifen in pre-perimenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer: results of a multicentric Italian study. Ann Oncol. 1994;5(4):337–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jonat W, Kaufmann M, Blamey RW, Howell A, Collins JP, Coates A, et al. A randomised study to compare the effect of the luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue goserelin with or without tamoxifen in pre- and perimenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1995;31(2):137–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Klijn JGM, Beex LVAM, Mauriac L, Van Zijl JA, Veyret C, Wildiers J, et al. Combined treatment with buserelin and tamoxifen in premenopausal metastatic breast cancer: a randomized study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92(11):903–11. http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034616656&partnerID=40&md5=ffdbe2e42f10044c14cd0dafabaed9bb

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Klijn JG, Blamey RW, Boccardo F, Tominaga T, Duchateau L, Sylvester R. Combined tamoxifen and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist versus LHRH agonist alone in premenopausal advanced breast cancer: a meta-analysis of four randomized trials. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19:343–53. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=11208825

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kaufmann M, Jonat W, Kleeberg U, Eiermann W, Jänicke F, Hilfrich J, et al. Goserelin, a depot gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist in the treatment of premenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. German Zoladex Trial Group. J Clin Oncol. 1989;7(8):1113–9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2526863

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Masuda N, Iwata H, Rai Y, Anan K, Takeuchi T, Kohno N, et al. Monthly versus 3-monthly goserelin acetate treatment in pre-menopausal patients with estrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;126(2):443–51.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Bellet M, Gray KP, Francis PA, Láng I, Ciruelos E, Lluch A, et al. Twelve-month estrogen levels in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant triptorelin plus exemestane or tamoxifen in the suppression of ovarian function trial (SOFT): the SOFT-EST substudy. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(14):1584–93.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Nishimura R, Anan K, Yamamoto Y, Higaki K, Tanaka M, Shibuta K, et al. Efficacy of goserelin plus anastrozole in premenopausal women with advanced or recurrent breast cancer refractory to an LH-RH analogue with tamoxifen: results of the JMTO BC08-01 phase II trial. Oncol Rep. 2013;29(5):1707–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Carlson RW, Theriault R, Schurman CM, Rivera E, Chung CT, Phan SC, et al. Phase II trial of anastrozole plus goserelin in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive, metastatic carcinoma of the breast in premenopausal women. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(25):3917–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Cheung KL, Agrawal A, Folkerd EJ, Dowsett M, JFR R, Winterbottom L. Suppression of ovarian function in combination with an aromatase inhibitor as treatment for advanced breast cancer in pre-menopausal women. Eur J Cancer. 2010;46(16):2936–42. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20832294

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Kurebayashi J, Toyama T, Sumino S, Miyajima E, Fujimoto T. Efficacy and safety of leuprorelin acetate 6-month depot, TAP-144-SR (6M), in combination with tamoxifen in postoperative, premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: a phase III, randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparative. Breast Cancer. 2017;24(1):161–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Young OE, Renshaw L, Macaskill EJ, White S, Faratian D, Thomas JSJ, et al. Effects of fulvestrant 750mg in premenopausal women with oestrogen-receptor-positive primary breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2008(44, 3):391–9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18083023

  40. Bartsch R, Bago-Horvath Z, Berghoff A, Devries C, Pluschnig U, Dubsky P, et al. Ovarian function suppression and fulvestrant as endocrine therapy in premenopausal women with metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48(13):1932–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Robertson JFR, Bondarenko IM, Trishkina E, Dvorkin M, Panasci L, Manikhas A, et al. Fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg for hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer (FALCON): an international, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet [Internet]. 2016;388(10063):2997–3005. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673616323893

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Buzdar A, Jonat W, Howell A, Jones SE, Blomqvist C, Vogel CL, et al. Anastrozole, a potent and selective aromatase inhibitor, versus megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of overview analysis of two phase III trials. J Clin Oncol. 1996;14(7):2000–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Willemse PH, van der Ploeg E, Sleijfer DT, Tjabbes T, van Veelen H. A randomized comparison of megestrol acetate (MA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in patients with advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1990;26(3):337–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Bines J, Dienstmann R, Obadia RM, Branco LGP, Quintella DC, Castro TM, et al. Activity of megestrol acetate in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer after nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor failure: a phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(4):831–6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24615412

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Koboldt DC, Fulton RS, McLellan MD, Schmidt H, Kalicki-Veizer J, McMichael JF, et al. Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2012;490(7418):61–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Dhillon S. Everolimus in combination with exemestane: a review of its use in the treatment of patients with postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive, her2-negative advanced breast cancer. Drugs. 2013;73(5):475–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Baselga J, Campone M, Piccart M, Burris HA, Rugo HS, Sahmoud T, et al. Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor–positive advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(6):520–9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1109653.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Barnes DM, Gillett CE. Cyclin D1 in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1998;52(1–3):1–15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&dopt=r&uid=10066068

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Tripathy D, Im SA, Colleoni M, Franke F, Bardia A, Harbeck N, et al. Ribociclib plus endocrine therapy for premenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive, advanced breast cancer (MONALEESA-7): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(7):904–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hortobagyi GN, Stemmer SM, Burris HA, Yap Y-S, Sonke GS, Paluch-Shimon S, et al. Ribociclib as first-line therapy for HR-positive, advanced breast Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(18):1738–48. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1609709.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hortobagyi GN, Stemmer SM, Burris HA, Yap YS, Sonke GS, Paluch-Shimon S, et al. Updated results from MONALEESA-2, a phase III trial of first-line ribociclib plus letrozole versus placebo plus letrozole in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2018;29:1541–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Goetz MP, Toi M, Campone M, Sohn J, Paluch-Shimon S, Huober J, et al. MONARCH 3: Abemaciclib as initial therapy for advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(32):3638–46. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.75.6155. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968163

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Cristofanilli M, Turner NC, Bondarenko I, Ro J, Im SA, Masuda N, et al. Fulvestrant plus palbociclib versus fulvestrant plus placebo for treatment of hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer that progressed on previous endocrine therapy (PALOMA-3): final analysis of the multicentre, double-blind, phase. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(4):425–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Turner NC, Slamon DJ, Ro J, Bondarenko I, Im S-A, Masuda N, Colleoni M, DeMichele A, Loi S, Verma S, Iwata H, Harbeck N, Loibl S, André F, Theall KP, Huang X, Carla G, Colleoni M. Overall survival with palbociclib and fulvestrant in advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(20):1926–36.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Sledge GW, Toi M, Neven P, Sohn J, Inoue K, Pivot X, et al. MONARCH 2: Abemaciclib in combination with fulvestrant in women with HR+/HER2-advanced breast cancer who had progressed while receiving endocrine therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(25):2875–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Neven P, Rugo HS, Tolaney SM, Iwata H, Toi M, Goetz MP, Kaufman PA, Barriga S, GWS YL. Abstract 1002: Abemaciclib for pre/perimenopausal women with HR+, HER2− advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:1002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Krop IE, Mayer IA, Ganju V, Dickler M, Johnston S, Morales S, et al. Pictilisib for oestrogen receptor-positive, aromatase inhibitor-resistant, advanced or metastatic breast cancer (FERGI): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016;17(6):811–21.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Baselga J, Im SA, Iwata H, Cortés J, De Laurentiis M, Jiang Z, et al. Buparlisib plus fulvestrant versus placebo plus fulvestrant in postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced breast cancer (BELLE-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2017;18(7):904–16.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Di Leo A, Johnston S, Lee KS, Ciruelos E, Lønning PE, Janni W, et al. Buparlisib plus fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced breast cancer progressing on or after mTOR inhibition (BELLE-3): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(1):87–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Dickler MN, Barry WT, Cirrincione CT, Ellis MJ, Moynahan ME, Innocenti F, et al. Phase III trial evaluating letrozole as first-line endocrine therapy with or without bevacizumab for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive advanced-stage breast cancer: CALGB 40503 (Alliance). J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(22):2602–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Martin M, Loibl S, von Minckwitz G, Morales S, Martinez N, Guerrero A, et al. Phase III trial evaluating the addition of bevacizumab to endocrine therapy as first-line treatment for advanced breast cancer: the letrozole/fulvestrant and avastin (LEA) study. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(9):1045–52. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25691671

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Gray R, Bhattacharya S, Bowden C, Miller K, Comis RL. Independent review of E2100: a phase III trial of bevacizumab plus paclitaxel versus paclitaxel in women with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(30):4966–72. http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/27/30/4966.long

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Miller K, Wang M, Gralow J, Dickler M, Cobleigh M, Perez E, et al. Paclitaxel plus bevacizumab versus paclitaxel alone for metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(26):2666–76. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3684040&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Miles DW, Chan A, Dirix LY, Cortés J, Pivot X, Tomczak P, et al. Phase III study of bevacizumab plus docetaxel compared with placebo plus docetaxel for the first-line treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(20):3239–47. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20498403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Miller KD, Chap LI, Holmes FA, Cobleigh MA, Marcom PK, Fehrenbacher L, et al. Randomized phase III trial of capecitabine compared with bevacizumab plus capecitabine in patients with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(4):792–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Wilcken N, Hornbuckle J, Ghersi D. Chemotherapy alone versus endocrine therapy alone for metastatic breast cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;2:CD002747.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Kim H, Choi DH, Park W, Huh SJ, Nam SJ, Lee JE, et al. Prognostic factors for survivals from first relapse in breast cancer patients: analysis of deceased patients. Radiat Oncol J. 2013;31(4):222–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Tutt A, Tovey H, Cheang MCU, Kernaghan S, Kilburn L, Gazinska P, et al. Carboplatin in BRCA1/2-mutated and triple-negative breast cancer BRCAness subgroups: the TNT trial. Nat Med. 2018;24(5):628–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Tutt A, Ellis P, Kilburn L, Gilett C, Pinder S, Abraham J, Barrett S, Barrett-Lee P, Chan S, Cheang M, Dowsett M, Fox L, Gazinska P, Grigoriadis A, Gutin A, Harper-Wynne C, Hatton M, Kernaghan S, Harries M, Bliss J. Abstract S3-01: The TNT trial: A randomized phase III trial of carboplatin (C) compared with docetaxel (D) for patients with metastatic or recurrent locally advanced triple negative or BRCA1/2 breast cancer (CRUK/07/012). Cancer Res. 2015;75(9):Abstract S3-01.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Schmid P, Adams S, Rugo HS, Schneeweiss A, Barrios CH, Iwata H, Dieras V, Hegg R, Im S-A, Wright GS, Henschel V, Molinero L, Chui SY, Funke R, Husain A, Winer EP, Loi S, Emens LA. Abstract LBA1_PR: IMpassion130: Results from a global, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study of atezolizumab (atezo) + nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) vs placebo + nab-P in treatment-naive, locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Ann Oncol. 2018;29(Suppl_8):LBA1_PR.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Gucalp A, Tolaney S, Isakoff SJ, Ingle JN, Liu MC, Carey LA, et al. Phase II trial of bicalutamide in patients with androgen receptor-positive, estrogen receptor-negative metastatic breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(19):5505–12.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Bonnefoi H, Grellety T, Tredan O, Saghatchian M, Dalenc F, Mailliez A, et al. A phase II trial of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in patients with triple-negative androgen receptor positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (UCBG 12-1). Ann Oncol. 2016;27(5):812–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Lyons T, Gucalp A, Arumov A, Patil S, Edelweiss M, Gorsky M, et al. Abstract 531: Safety and tolerability of adjuvant enzalutamide for the treatment of early stage androgen receptor positive (AR+) triple negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;38:Abstract 531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Kerbel RS, Kamen BA. The anti-angiogenic basis of metronomic chemotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4(6):423–36. http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nrc1369

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. André N, Carré M, Pasquier E. Metronomics: towards personalized chemotherapy? Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2014;11(7):413–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Cazzaniga ME, Dionisio MR, Riva F. Metronomic chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer patients. Cancer Lett. 2017;400:252–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Lien K, Georgsdottir S, Sivanathan L, Chan K, Emmenegger U. Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy: a systematic literature analysis. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49(16):3387–95.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Colleoni M, Gray KP, Gelber S, Láng I, Thürlimann B, Gianni L, et al. Low-dose Oral cyclophosphamide and methotrexate maintenance for hormone receptor-negative early breast cancer: international breast Cancer study group trial 22-00. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(28):3400–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Robson M, Im S-A, Senkus E, Xu B, Domchek SM, Masuda N, et al. Olaparib for metastatic breast cancer in patients with a Germline BRCA mutation. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(6):523–33. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1706450.

  80. Tung NM, Im S-A, Senkus-Konefka E, Xu B, Domchek SM, Masuda N, Li W, Armstrong AC, Conte PF, Wu W, Goessl CD, MER SR. Abstract 1052: Olaparib versus chemotherapy treatment of physician’s choice in patients with a germline BRCA mutation and HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (OlympiAD): efficacy in patients with visceral metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(15):1052.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Litton JK, Rugo HS, Ettl J, Hurvitz SA, Gonçalves A, Lee K-H, et al. Talazoparib in patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline BRCA mutation. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(8):753–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Cardonick E, Dougherty R, Grana G, Gilmandyar D, Ghaffar S, Usmani A. Breast cancer during pregnancy: maternal and fetal outcomes. Cancer J. 2010;16(1):76–82. https://doi.org/10.1097/PPO.0b013e3181ce46f9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Azim HA Jr, Peccatori FA. Treatment of metastatic breast cancer during pregnancy: we need to talk! Breast. 2008;17:426–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Loibl S, Schmidt A, Gentilini O, Kaufman B, Kuhl C, Denkert C, et al. Breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy adapting recent advances in breast cancer care for pregnant patients. JAMA Oncol. 2015;1(8):1145–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Peccatori FA, Azim HA, Orecchia R, Hoekstra HJ, Pavlidis N, Kesic V. G. Pentheroudakis on behalf of the EGWG. Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(6):160–70. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdt199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Azim HA, Peccatori FA, Pavlidis N. Treatment of the pregnant mother with cancer: a systematic review on the use of cytotoxic, endocrine, targeted agents and immunotherapy during pregnancy. Part I: solid tumors. Cancer Treat Rev. 2010;36(2):101–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Cuvier C, Espie M, Extra JM, Marty M. Vinorelbine in pregnancy. Eur J Cancer Part A. 1997;33(1):168–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Braems G, Denys H, De Wever O, Cocquyt V, Van den Broecke R. Use of tamoxifen before and during pregnancy. Oncologist. 2011;16(11):1574–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Azim HA, Azim H, Peccatori FA. Treatment of cancer during pregnancy with monoclonal antibodies: a real challenge. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2010;6(6):821–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Toy W, Shen Y, Won H, Green B, Sakr RA, Will M, et al. ESR1 ligand-binding domain mutations in hormone-resistant breast cancer. Nat Genet. 2013;45(12):1439–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  91. Jeselsohn R, Buchwalter G, De Angelis C, Brown M, Schiff R. ESR1 mutations-a mechanism for acquired endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2015;12(10):573–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Toy W, Weir H, Razavi P, Lawson M, Goeppert AU, Mazzola AM, et al. Activating ESR1 mutations differentially affect the efficacy of ER antagonists. Cancer Discov. 2017;7(3):277–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. $Simona Volovat, Joana Mourato Ribeiro, and Assia Konsoulova contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Breast Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Center/Champalimaud Foundation, Lisbon, Portugal

    Simona Volovat, Joana Mourato Ribeiro & Fatima Cardoso

  2. Medical Oncology Clinic, University Hospital Sveta Marina, Varna, Bulgaria

    Assia Konsoulova

  3. Breast Oncology Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel

    Shani Paluch-Shimon

Authors
  1. Simona Volovat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Joana Mourato Ribeiro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Assia Konsoulova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shani Paluch-Shimon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fatima Cardoso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joana Mourato Ribeiro .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Breast Unit, San Raffaele University and Research Hospital, Milan, Italy

    Oreste Gentilini

  2. Dana–Farber Cancer Institute Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Ann H. Partridge

  3. Geneva University Hospitals Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland

    Olivia Pagani

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Volovat, S., Ribeiro, J.M., Konsoulova, A., Paluch-Shimon, S., Cardoso, F. (2020). Management of Advanced Breast Cancer in Young Women: What’s New in Systemic Treatment. In: Gentilini, O., Partridge, A.H., Pagani, O. (eds) Breast Cancer in Young Women. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24762-1_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24762-1_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-24761-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-24762-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation