Skip to main content

Promoting Children’s and Young People’s Mental Health in Schools

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Implementing Mental Health Promotion

Abstract

Schools play a central role in promoting children’s and young people’s positive mental health and provide a key setting and learning environment for developing core competencies across the social, emotional and behavioural domains. In this chapter, we examine the rationale for promoting children’s and young people’s mental health and well-being in the school setting and the international evidence base on the implementation of school-based programmes is considered. In addition, one of the key approaches to promoting mental health in schools, the adoption of a whole-school approach, is presented. The key components of the whole-school approach are examined, providing examples of evidence-based, whole-school social and emotional learning and bullying prevention interventions. Case studies of whole-school interventions are presented, which illustrate the challenges of implementing and evaluating a whole-school approach, and key factors are identified that are crucial in supporting the adoption of a whole-school approach to mental health promotion.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This section is based on the Evaluation Report, Hazell et al. (2005) (used with permission), in Rowling and Hazell (2014).

References

  • Adi, Y., Killoran, A., Janmohamed, K., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). Systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to promote mental wellbeing in children in primary education. Report 1: Universal approaches (non-violence related outcomes). London, UK: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Australian Health Ministers. (1992). National mental health plan. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Publishing Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44(9), 1175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, R., Weare, K., & Farr, W. (2014). Working with ‘Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning’(SEAL): Associations with school ethos, pupil social experiences, attendance, and attainment. British Educational Research Journal, 40(4), 718–742.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry, M. M., Clarke, A. M., & Dowling, K. (2017). Promoting social and emotional well-being in schools. Health Education, 117(5), 434–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry, M. M., Clarke, A. M., Jenkins, R., & Patel, V. (2013). A systematic review of the effectiveness of mental health promotion interventions for young people in low and middle income countries. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 835.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barry, M. M., Domitrovich, C., & Lara, M. A. (2005). The implementation of mental health promotion programmes. Promotion & Education, 12(2 suppl), 30–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bavarian, N., Lewis, K. M., DuBois, D. L., Acock, A., Vuchinich, S., Silverthorn, N., … Flay, B. R. (2013). Using social-emotional and character development to improve academic outcomes: A matched-pair, cluster-randomized controlled trial in low-income, urban schools. Journal of School Health, 83(11), 771–779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beets, M. W., Flay, B. R., Vuchinich, S., Snyder, F., Acock, A., Burns, K., … Durlak, J. (2009). Use of a social and character development program to prevent substance use, violent behaviors, and sexual activity among elementary-school students in Hawaii. American Journal of Public Health, 99(8), 1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belfield, C., Bowden, B., Klapp, A., Levin, H., Shand, R., & Zander, S. (2015). The economic value of social and emotional learning. New York, NY: Center for Benefit-Cost Studies in Education Teachers College, Columbia University.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bond, L., Patton, G., Glover, S., Carlin, J. B., Butler, H., Thomas, L., & Bowes, G. (2004). The Gatehouse Project: Can a multilevel school intervention affect emotional wellbeing and health risk behaviours. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 58(12), 997–1003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, H., Bond, L., Glover, S., & Patton, G. (2002). The Gatehouse Project: Mental health promotion incorporating school organisational change and health education. In L. Rowling, G. Martin, & L. Walker (Eds.), Mental health promotion and young people: Concepts and practice. Sydney, Australia: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, H. T. (1998). Theory-driven evaluations. Advances in Educational Productivity, 7, 15–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, A. M., Morreale, S., Field, C. A., Hussein, Y., & Barry, M. M. (2015). What works in enhancing social and emotional skills development during childhood and adolescence? A review of the evidence on the effectiveness of school-based and out-of-school programmes in the UK. Galway, Ireland: World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Health Promotion Research, National University of Ireland Galway.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colman, I., Murray, J., Abbott, R. A., Maughan, B., Kuh, D., Croudace, T. J., & Jones, P. B. (2009). Outcomes of conduct problems in adolescence: 40 year follow-up of national cohort. British Medical Journal, 338, a2981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Constantine, N., Benard, B., & Diaz, M. (1999, June). Measuring protective factors and resilience traits in youth: The healthy kids resilience assessment. Paper presented at the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for Prevention Research, New Orleans, LA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Damschroder, L. J., & Hagedorn, H. J. (2011). A guiding framework and approach for implementation research in substance use disorders treatment. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 25(2), 194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dix, K. L., Slee, P. T., Lawson, M. J., & Keeves, J. P. (2012). Implementation quality of whole-school mental health promotion and students’ academic performance. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 17(1), 45–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Domitrovich, C. E., Bradshaw, C. P., Poduska, J. M., Hoagwood, K., Buckley, J. A., Olin, S., … Ialongo, N. S. (2008). Maximizing the implementation quality of evidence-based preventive interventions in schools: A conceptual framework. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 1(3), 6–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Domitrovich, C. E., Durlak, J. A., Staley, K. C., & Weissberg, R. P. (2017). Social-emotional competence: An essential factor for promoting positive adjustment and reducing risk in school children. Child Development, 88(2), 408–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Domitrovich, C. E., & Greenberg, M. T. (2000). The study of implementation: Current findings from effective programs that prevent mental disorders in school-aged children. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 11(2), 193–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dooris, M., & Barry, M. M. (2013). Overview of implementation in health promoting settings. In O. Samdal & L. Rowling (Eds.), The Implementation of Health Promoting Schools (pp. 14–23). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durlak, J. A. (2016). Programme implementation in social and emotional learning: Basic issues and research findings. Cambridge Journal of Education, 46(3), 333–345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durlak, J. A., Domitrovich, C. E., Weissberg, R. P., & Gullotta, T. P. (2015). Handbook of social and emotional learning: Research and practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durlak, J. A., & DuPre, E. P. (2008). Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41(3–4), 327–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durlak, J. A., Weissberg, R. P., Dymnicki, A. B., Taylor, R. D., & Schellinger, K. B. (2011). The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions. Child Development, 82(1), 405–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elias, M. J., Zins, J. E., Weissberg, R. P., Frey, K. S., Greenberg, M. T., Haynes, N. M., … Shriver, T. P. (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for educators. Alexandria, VA: Association of Supervision and Curriculum Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, J. A., Griffin, K. W., & Botvin, G. J. (2000). Role of general and specific competence skills in protecting inner-city adolescents from alcohol use. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 61(3), 379–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farrington, D. P., & Ttofi, M. M. (2009). School-based programs to reduce bullying and victimization. The Campbell Collaboration, 6, 1–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., Ridder, E. M., & Beautrais, A. L. (2005). Subthreshold depression in adolescence and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(1), 66–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fixsen, D. L., Naoom, S. F., Blase, K. A., Friedman, R. M., & Wallace, F. (2005). Implementation research: A synthesis of the literature (FMHI #231). Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, The National Implementation Research Network.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flay, B. R., & Allred, C. G. (2010). The Positive Action program: Improving academics, behavior, and character by teaching comprehensive skills for successful learning and living. In T. Lovat (Ed.), International research handbook on values education and student wellbeing (pp. 471–501). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Flay, B. R., Snyder, F., & Petraitis, J. (1994). The theory of triadic influence. A new theory of health behavior with implications for preventive interventions. Advances in Medical Sociology, 4, 19–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibb, S. J., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2010). Burden of psychiatric disorder in young adulthood and life outcomes at age 30. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197, 122–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg, J. M., Sklad, M., Elfrink, T. R., Schreurs, K. M. G., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Clarke, A. M. (2018). Effectiveness of interventions adopting a whole school approach to enhancing social and emotional development: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0406-9

  • Greenberg, M. T., Domitrovich, C., & Bumbarger, B. (2001). The prevention of mental disorders in school-aged children: Current state of the field. Prevention and Treatment, 4(1), 1–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, M. T., Domitrovich, C. E., Graczyk, P. A., & Zins, J. E. (2005). The study of implementation in school-based preventive interventions: Theory, research, and practice. In Proceedings of third world conference on the promotion of mental health and prevention of mental and behavioural disorders. Rockville, MD: World Federation for Mental Health and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenhalgh, T., Robert, G., Macfarlane, F., Bate, P., & Kyriakidou, O. (2004). Diffusion of innovations in service organisations: Systematic review and recommendations. The Milbank Quarterly, 82(4), 581–629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guerra, N. G., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2008). Linking the prevention of problem behaviors and positive youth development: Core competencies for positive youth development and risk prevention. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 122, 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo, S., Wu, Q., Smokowski, P. R., Bacallao, M., Evans, C. B., & Cotter, K. L. (2015). A longitudinal evaluation of the Positive Action program in a low-income, racially diverse, rural county: Effects on self-esteem, school hassles, aggression, and internalizing symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44(12), 2337–2358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hallam, S. (2009). An evaluation of the social and emotional aspects of learning (SEAL) programme: Promoting positive behaviour, effective learning and well-being in primary school children. Oxford Review of Education, 35(3), 313–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hazell (2005) is Hazell, T., Karen, V., Debora, O. N., & Wendy, R. (2005). Evaluation of MindMatters–Ninth interim report. NSW Australia: Hunter Institute of Mental Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hazell, T., Vincent, K., Waring, T., & Lewin, T. (2002). The challenges of evaluating national mental health promotion programs in schools: A case study using the evaluation of MindMatters. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 4(4), 21–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heckman, J. J. (2006). Skill formation and the economics of investing in disadvantaged children. Science, 312(5782), 1900–1902.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jané-Llopis, E., Barry, M., Hosman, C., & Patel, V. (2005). Mental health promotion works: A review. Promotion & Education, 12(2_suppl), 9–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, S. M., & Bouffard, S. M. (2012). Social and emotional learning in schools: From programs to strategies. Social policy report. Society for Research in Child Development, 26(4), 3–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Little, T. D., Alanen, E., Poskiparta, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2013). Effectiveness of the KiVa antibullying program: Grades 1–3 and 7–9. Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(2), 535.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Little, T. D., Poskiparta, E., Kaljonen, A., & Salmivalli, C. (2011). A large-scale evaluation of the KiVa antibullying program: Grades 4–6. Child Development, 82(1), 311–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., Costello, E. J., Georgiades, K., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., … Merikangas, K. R. (2012). Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69(4), 372–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, A., Jenkins, R., Lancashire, S., Taj, R., & Ayab, Z. (2013). School mental health program in Pakistan – A whole school approach. Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society, 10(1), 38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim-Cohen, J., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Milne, B. J., & Poulton, R. (2003). Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: Developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(7), 709–717.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knapp, M., McDaid, D., & Parsonage, M. (2011). Mental health promotion and prevention: The economic case. London, UK: Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lendrum, A., Humphrey, N., & Wigelsworth, M. (2013). Social and emotional aspects of learning (SEAL) for secondary schools: Implementation difficulties and their implications for school-based mental health promotion. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 18(3), 158–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, K. M., Schure, M. B., Bavarian, N., DuBois, D. L., Day, J., Ji, P., … Flay, B. R. (2013). Problem behavior and urban, low-income youth: A randomized controlled trial of Positive Action in Chicago. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 44(6), 622–630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, T. J., Barrett, S., Sugai, G., Horner, R. H. (2010). Blueprint for schoolwide positive behavior support training and professional development. Eugene, OR: National Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavior Interventions and Support.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDaid, D., & Park, A. L. (2011). Investing in mental health and well-being: Findings from the DataPrev project. Health Promotion International, 26(S1), 108–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNeil, B., Reeder, N., & Rich, J. (2012). A framework of outcomes for young people. London, UK: The Young Foundation. Retrieved form https://youngfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Framework-of-outcomes-for-young-people-July-2012.pdf Accessed 20 June 2018

  • Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2013). School-based mental health in Canada: A final report. School-Based Mental Health and Substance Abuse Consortium, Canada. http://www.mentalhealthcommission.ca/sites/default/files/ChildYouth_School_Based_Mental_Health_Canada_Final_Report_ENG_0.pdf

  • Meyers, D. C., Durlak, J. A., & Wandersman, A. (2012). The quality implementation framework: A synthesis of critical steps in the implementation process. American Journal of Community Psychology, 50(3–4), 462–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyers, D. C., Gil, L., Cross, R., Keister, S., Domitrovich, C. E., & Weissberg, R. P. (2015). CASEL guide for schoolwide social and emotional learning. Chicago, IL: CASEL.

    Google Scholar 

  • Montgomery, E. (2011). Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 124(s440), 1–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, J. M., Abel, M. R., Hoover, S., Jellinek, M., & Fazel, M. (2017). Scope, scale and dose of the world’s largest school-based mental health programs. Harvard Review, 25(5), 218–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oberle, E., Domitrovich, C. E., Meyers, D. C., & Weissberg, R. P. (2016). Establishing systemic social and emotional learning approaches in schools: A framework for schoolwide implementation. Cambridge Journal of Education, 46(3), 277–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2015). Skills for social progress: The power of social and emotional skills. Paris, France: OECD Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ogden, T., Sørlie, M. A., Arnesen, A., & Meek-Hansen, W. (2012). The PALS school-wide positive behaviour support model in Norwegian primary schools–implementation and evaluation. In J. Visser, H. Daniels, & T. Cole (Eds.), Transforming troubled lives: Strategies and interventions for children with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (pp. 39–55). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. In D. Pepler & K. Rubins (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 411–448). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus bullying prevention program. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80(1), 124–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patel, V., Flisher, A. J., Hetrick, S., & McGorry, P. (2007). Mental health of young people: A global public-health challenge. The Lancet, 369(9569), 1302–1313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patton, G. C., Bond, L., Carlin, J. B., Thomas, L., Butler, H., Glover, S., … Bowes, G. (2006). Promoting social inclusion in schools: A group-randomized trial of effects on student health risk behavior and Well-being. American Journal of Public Health, 96(9), 1582–1587.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peralta, L., Rowling, L., Samdal, O., Hipkins, R., & Dudley, D. (2017). Conceptualising a new approach to adolescent health literacy. Health Education Journal, 76(7), 787–801.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowling, L., & Hazell, T. (2014). MindMatters. Implementing mental health promotion in secondary schools in Australia. In F. A. Huppert & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Interventions and policies to enhance wellbeing: Wellbeing: A complete reference guide, volume VI (pp. 185–220). New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmivalli, C., Kärnä, A., & Poskiparta, E. (2011). Counteracting bullying in Finland: The KiVa program and its effects on different forms of being bullied. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(5), 405–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samdal, O., & Rowling, L. (2011). Theoretical and empirical base for implementation components of health-promoting schools. Health Education, 111(5), 367–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samdal, O., & Rowling, L. (Eds.). (2012). The implementation of health promoting schools: Exploring the theories of what, why and how. New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sklad, M., Diekstra, R., Ritter, M. D., Ben, J., & Gravesteijn, C. (2012). Effectiveness of school-based universal social, emotional, and behavioral programs: Do they enhance students’ development in the area of skill, behavior, and adjustment? Psychology in the Schools, 49(9), 892–909.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slee, P. T., Lawson, M. J., Russell, A., Askell-Williams, H., Dix, K. L., Owens, L. D., … Spears, B. (2009). KidsMatter primary evaluation final report (pp. 1–120). Bedford Park: Centre for Analysis of Education Futures, Flinders University of South Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smokowski, P. R., Guo, S., Wu, Q., Evans, C. B., Cotter, K. L., & Bacallao, M. (2016). Evaluating dosage effects for the Positive Action program: How implementation impacts internalizing symptoms, aggression, school hassles, and self-esteem. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86(3), 310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, F., Vuchinich, S., Acock, A., Washburn, I., Beets, M., & Kin-Kit, L. (2010). Impact of the Positive Action program on school-level indicators of academic achievement, absenteeism, and disciplinary outcomes: A matched-pair, cluster randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 3(1), 26–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, R. D., Oberle, E., Durlak, J. A., & Weissberg, R. P. (2017). Promoting positive youth development through school-based social and emotional learning interventions: A meta-analysis of follow-up effects. Child Development, 88(4), 1156–1171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tennant, R., Goens, C., Barlow, J., Day, C., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). A systematic review of reviews of interventions to promote mental health and prevent mental health problems in children and young people. Journal of Public Mental Health, 6(1), 25–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, S., Figueras, J., Evetovits, T., Jowett, M., Mladovsky, P., Maresso, A., … Kluge, H. (2014). Policy summary 12: Economic crisis, health systems and health in europe: Impact and implications for policy. Copenhagen, Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe and European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trentacosta, C. J., & Fine, S. E. (2010). Emotion knowledge, social competence, and behavior problems in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic review. Social Development, 19, 1–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ttofi, M. M., Farrington, D. P., Lösel, F., & Loeber, R. (2011). Do the victims of school bullies tend to become depressed later in life? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 3(2), 63–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Washburn, I. J., Acock, A., Vuchinich, S., Snyder, F., Li, K. K., Ji, P., … Flay, B. R. (2011). Effects of a social-emotional and character development program on the trajectory of behaviors associated with social-emotional and character development: Findings from three randomized trials. Prevention Science, 12(3), 314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weare, K., & Markham, W. (2005). What do we know about promoting mental health through schools? Promotion & Education, 12(3–4), 118–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weare, K., & Nind, M. (2011). Mental health promotion and problem prevention in schools: What does the evidence say? Health Promotion International, 26(suppl_1), i29–i69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, J., Barlow, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2003). A systematic review of universal approaches to mental health promotion in schools. Health Education, 103(4), 197–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williford, A., Boulton, A., Noland, B., Little, T. D., Kärnä, A., & Salmivalli, C. (2012). Effects of the KiVa anti-bullying program on adolescents’ depression, anxiety, and perception of peers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(2), 289–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (1998). WHO’s global school health initiative: Health promoting schools. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2005). European strategy for child and adolescent health and development. From resolution to action. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2014). Preventing suicide. A global imperative. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyn, J., Cahill, H., Holdsworth, R., Rowling, L., & Carson, S. (2000). MindMatters, a whole-school approach promoting mental health and wellbeing. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34(4), 594–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zins, J. E., Weissberg, R. P., Wang, M. C., & Walberg, H. J. (2004). Building academic success on social and emotional learning: What does the research say? New York, NY: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aleisha M. Clarke .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Clarke, A.M. (2019). Promoting Children’s and Young People’s Mental Health in Schools. In: Barry, M.M., Clarke, A.M., Petersen, I., Jenkins, R. (eds) Implementing Mental Health Promotion. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23455-3_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics