Abstract
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the gold standard to test kidney function. However, the serial blood and/or urine sample collection required for the calculation of the GFR is stressful for the animal and time consuming for the experimenter. Here, we describe a transcutaneous assessment of renal function in conscious animals that does not require plasma or urine sampling and/or deep anesthesia. For the measurement, we use a near-infrared (NIR) device that records the excretion kinetic of the renal marker ABZWCY-HPβCD. ABZWCY-HPβCD is a new hydrophilic, stable, and nontoxic NIR fluorescent agent that can be used as a renal marker as it is filtrated and completely excreted through the kidneys into the urine without reabsorption or secretion and without accumulation in the skin. The data recorded in the device are then analyzed with “GFRmeasure,” an open-source, freely downloadable, and user-friendly software.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Stevens LA, Levey AS (2009) Measured GFR as a confirmatory test for estimated GFR. J Am Soc Nephrol 20(11):2305–2313. https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2009020171
Katayama R, Yamaguchi N, Yamashita T, Watanabe S, Satoh H, Yamagishi N, Furuhama K (2010) Calculation of glomerular filtration rate in conscious rats by the use of a bolus injection of iodixanol and a single blood sample. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 61(1):59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vascn.2009.10.002
Reinhardt CP, Germain MJ, Groman EV, Mulhern JG, Kumar R, Vaccaro DE (2008) Functional immunoassay technology (FIT), a new approach for measuring physiological functions: application of FIT to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295(5):F1583–F1588. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.90354.2008
Rieg T (2013) A high-throughput method for measurement of glomerular filtration rate in conscious mice. J Vis Exp 75:e50330. https://doi.org/10.3791/50330
Shmarlouski A, Schock-Kusch D, Shulhevich Y, Buschmann V, Rohlicke T, Herdt D, Radle M, Hesser J, Stsepankou D (2016) A novel analysis technique for transcutaneous measurement of glomerular filtration rate with ultralow dose marker concentrations. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 63(8):1742–1750. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2015.2501544
Wang E, Sandoval RM, Campos SB, Molitoris BA (2010) Rapid diagnosis and quantification of acute kidney injury using fluorescent ratio-metric determination of glomerular filtration rate in the rat. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 299(5):F1048–F1055. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00691.2009
Yu W, Sandoval RM, Molitoris BA (2007) Rapid determination of renal filtration function using an optical ratiometric imaging approach. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292(6):F1873–F1880. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00218.2006
Colson P, Capdevilla X, Cuchet D, Saussine M, Séguin JR, Marty-Anè C, Roquefeuil B (1992) Does choice of the Anesthetic influence renal function during Infrarenal aortic surgery? Anesth Analg 74(4):481–485
Fusellier M, Desfontis JC, Madec S, Gautier F, Debailleul M, Gogny M (2007) Influence of three anesthetic protocols on glomerular filtration rate in dogs. Am J Vet Res 68(8):807–811. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.8.807
Herrera Perez Z, Weinfurter S, Gretz N (2016) Transcutaneous assessment of renal function in conscious rodents. J Vis Exp 109:e53767. https://doi.org/10.3791/53767
Schreiber A, Shulhevich Y, Geraci S, Hesser J, Stsepankou D, Neudecker S, Koenig S, Heinrich R, Hoecklin F, Pill J, Friedemann J, Schweda F, Gretz N, Schock-Kusch D (2012) Transcutaneous measurement of renal function in conscious mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 303(5):F783–F788. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00279.2012
Scarfe L, Rak-Raszewska A, Geraci S, Darssan D, Sharkey J, Huang J, Burton NC, Mason D, Ranjzad P, Kenny S, Gretz N, Levy R, Kevin Park B, Garcia-Finana M, Woolf AS, Murray P, Wilm B (2015) Measures of kidney function by minimally invasive techniques correlate with histological glomerular damage in SCID mice with adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Sci Rep 5:13601. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep13601
Huang J, Gretz N, Weinfurter S (2016) Filtration markers and determination methods for the assessment of kidney function. Eur J Pharmacol 790:92–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.060
Huang J, Weinfurter S, Daniele C, Perciaccante R, Federica R, Della Ciana L, Pill J, Gretz N (2017) Zwitterionic near infrared fluorescent agents for noninvasive real-time transcutaneous assessment of kidney function. Chem Sci 8(4):2652–2660. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6sc05059j
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Daniele, C., Nardozi, D., Torelli, A., Khan, A.u.M., Gretz, N. (2020). Transcutaneous Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Rodents. In: Gnudi, L., Long, D. (eds) Diabetic Nephropathy. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2067. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9841-8_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9841-8_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9840-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9841-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols