Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
Primary Literature
Anastas PT, Warner JC (1998) Green chemistry: theory and practice. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Coish P, McGovern E, Zimmerman JB, Anastas PT (2017) The value-adding connections between the Management of Ecoinnovation and the principles of green chemistry and green engineering. In: Török B, Dransfield T (eds) Green chemistry: an inclusive approach. Elsevier, Oxford, p 985
Török B (2017) Sustainable synthesis. In: Török B, Dransfield T (eds) Green chemistry: an inclusive approach. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 49–89
Constable DJC, Kimenez-Gonzalez C (2012) Evaluating the Greennes of synthesis. In: Li CJ (ed) Handbook of green chemistry-green processes, vol 7. Green synthesis. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Sheldon RA (2012) Fundamentals of green chemistry: efficiency in reaction design. Chem Soc Rev 41:1437–1451
Gallezot P (2012) Conversion of biomass to selected chemical products. Chem Soc Rev 41:1538–1558
Kokel A, Török B (2018) Sustainable production of fine chemicals and materials using non-toxic renewable sources. Toxicol Sci 161:214–224. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfx214
Simon MO, Li CJ (2012) Green chemistry oriented organic synthesis in water. Chem Soc Rev 41:1415–1427
Han X, Poliakoff M (2012) Continuous reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide: problems, solutions and possible ways forward. Chem Soc Rev 41:1428–1436
Clouthierzab CM, Pelletier JN (2012) Expanding the organic toolbox: a guide to integrating biocatalysis in synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 41:1585–1605
Himmelberger JA, Cole KE, Dowling DP (2017) Biocatalysis: nature’s chemical toolbox. In: Török B, Dransfield T (eds) Green chemistry: an inclusive approach. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 471–512
Jiménez-González C, Constable DJC, Ponder CS (2012) Evaluating the “greenness” of chemical processes and products in the pharmaceutical industry – a green metrics primer. Chem Soc Rev 41:1485–1498
Gedye R, Smith F, Westaway K, Ali H, Baldisera L, Laberge L, Rousell J (1986) The use of microwave ovens for rapid organic synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 27:279–282
Giguere RJ, Bray TL, Duncan SM, Majetich G (1986) Application of commercial microwave ovens to organic synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 27:4945–4948
Baig RNB, Varma RS (2012) Alternative energy input: mechanochemical, microwave and ultrasound-assisted organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 41:1559–1584
Horikoshi S, Serpone N (eds) (2016) Microwaves in catalysis: methodology and applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Varma RS (2012) Green chemistry with microwave energy. In: Meyers RA (ed) Encyclopedia of sustainability science and technology, 1st edn. Springer Science + Business Media, New York, pp 4642–4673. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3
Cseri L, Razali M, Pogany P, Szekely G (2017) Organic solvents in sustainable synthesis and engineering. In: Török B, Dransfield T (eds) Green chemistry: an inclusive approach. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 513–553
Turner C, Wang J (2017) Green solvents: a solution of air pollution and climatic changes. Curr Opin Green Sustain Chem 5:II–III
Capello C, Fischer U, Hungerbuehler K (2007) What is a green solvent? A comprehensive framework for the environmental assessment of solvents. Green Chem 9:927–934
Shanab K, Neudorfer C, Schirmer E, Spreitzer H (2013) Green solvents in organic synthesis: an overview. Curr Org Chem 17:1179–1187
Arridos G, Laali KK (2017) Ionic liquids as novel media and catalysts for electrophilic/onium ion chemistry and metal-mediated reactions. In: Török B, Dransfield T (eds) Green chemistry: an inclusive approach. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 555–608
Garcia-Alvarez J, Vidal C (2013) Deep eutectic solvents (DES) as new green and bio-renewable solvents for metal-mediated homogeneous catalysis. Abstracts of papers. Am Chem Soc 245
Cintas P, Tagliapietra S, Gaudino EC, Palmisano G, Cravotto G (2014) Glycerol: a solvent and a building block of choice for microwave and ultrasound irradiation procedures. Green Chem 16:1056–1065
Rajabi F, Pineda A, Naserian S, Mariana Balu A, Luque R, Romero AA (2013) Aqueous oxidation of alcohols catalysed by recoverable iron oxide nanoparticles supported on aluminosilicates. Green Chem 15:1232–1237
Omri M, Pourceau G, Becuwe M, Wadouachi A (2016) Improvement of gold-catalyzed oxidation of free carbohydrates to corresponding Aldonates using microwaves. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:2432–2438
Ramos NC, Echevarria A, Valbon A, Bortoluzzi AJ, Guedes GP, Rodrigues-Santos CE (2016) Regioselective synthesis of imines (2-N-amine-3-N-(phenylmethylene)-5-pyridine) in water under microwave irradiation. Cogent Chem 2:1207863
Cheng H, Liu R, Wang Q, Wu C, Yu Y, Zhao F (2012) Selective reduction of phenol derivatives to cyclohexanones in water under microwave irradiation. New J Chem 36:1085–1090
Liu R, Wang Y, Cheng H, Yu Y, Zhao F, Arai M (2013) Reduction of citral in water under typical transfer hydrogenation conditions-reaction mechanisms with evolution of and hydrogenation by molecular hydrogen. J Mol Catal A Chem 366:315–320
Henriques CA, Pinto SMA, Aquino GLB, Pineiro M, Calvete MJF, Pereira MM (2014) Ecofriendly porphyrin synthesis by using water under microwave irradiation. ChemSusChem 7:2821–2824
Wagare DS, Netankar PD, Shaikh M, Farooqui M, Durrani A (2017) Highly efficient microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis of 4-aryl-2-aminothiazoles in aqueous medium. Environ Chem Lett 15:475–479
Feng E, Zhou Y, Zhao F, Chen X, Zhang L, Jiang H, Liu H (2012) Gold-catalyzed tandem reaction in water: an efficient and convenient synthesis of fused polycyclic indoles. Green Chem 14:1888–1895
Wang S, Cheng C, Wu F, Jiang B, Shi F, Tu S, Rajale T, Li G (2011) Microwave-assisted multi-component reaction in water leading to highly regioselective formation of benzo[f]azulen-1-ones. Tetrahedron 67:4485–4493
Thi Thu Trang T, Ermolat’ev D, Van der Eycken E (2015) Facile and diverse microwave-assisted synthesis of secondary propargylamines in water using CuCl/CuCl2. RSC Adv 5:28921–28924
Park S, Cho H, Lee S, Lee Y (2017) Microwave-assisted C-C coupling reaction using polymer-supported electron-rich oxime palladacycles in aqueous condition. Tetrahedron Lett 58:2670–2674
Hanhan M, Senemoglu Y (2012) Microwave-assisted aqueous Suzuki coupling reactions catalyzed by ionic palladium(II) complexes. Transit Metal Chem 37:109–116
Liew KH, Loh PL, Juan JC, Yarmo MA, Yusop RM (2014) QuadraPure-supported palladium nanocatalysts for microwave-promoted Suzuki cross-coupling reaction under aerobic condition. Sci World J 2014:796196
Ge D, Zhang X, Chen S, Pu L, Yu X (2015) Microwave-assisted synthesis of 2-pyridinylethyl indazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 56:4811–4814
Francavilla M, Intini S, Luchetti L, Luque R (2016) Tunable microwave-assisted aqueous conversion of seaweed-derived agarose for the selective production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural/levulinic acid. Green Chem 18:5971–5977
Antonetti C, Melloni M, Licursi D, Fulignati S, Ribechini E, Rivas S, Parajó JC, Cavani F, Raspolli Galletti AM (2017) Microwave-assisted dehydration of fructose and inulin to HMF catalyzed by niobium and zirconium phosphate catalysts. Appl Catal B Env 206:364–377
Bhanja P, Modak A, Chatterjee S, Bhaumik A (2017) Bifunctionalized mesoporous SBA-15: a new heterogeneous catalyst for the facile synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural. ACS Sus Chem Eng 5:2763–2773
Cabrera DML, Libero FM, Alves D, Perin G, Lenardao EJ, Jacob RG (2012) Glycerol as a recyclable solvent in a microwave-assisted synthesis of disulfides. Green Chem Lett Rev 5:329–336
Keenan CS, Murphree SS (2017) Rapid and convenient conversion of nitroarenes to anilines under microwave conditions using nonprecious metals in mildly acidic medium. Synth Commun 47:1085–1089
Wang L, Shi L, Liu L, Li Z, Xu T, Hao W, Li G, Tu S, Jiang B (2017) Synthesis of Diastereoenriched Oxazolo[5,4-b]indoles via catalyst-free multicomponent Bicyclizations. J Org Chem 82:3605–3611
Zhang M, Liu P, Liu Y, Shang Z, Hu H, Zhang Z (2016) Magnetically separable graphene oxide anchored sulfonic acid: a novel, highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 3,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitriles in deep eutectic solvent under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 6:106160–106170
Dadhania AN, Patel VK, Raval DK (2017) Ionic liquid promoted facile and green synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives under microwave irradiation. J Saudi Chem Soc 21:163–169
Mondal S, Patra BC, Bhaumik A (2017) One-pot synthesis of Polyhydroquinoline derivatives through organic-solid-acid-catalyzed Hantzsch condensation reaction. ChemCatChem 9:1469–1475
Martinez J, Sanchez L, Javier Perez F, Carranza V, Delgado F, Reyes L, Miranda R (2016) Uncatalysed production of Coumarin-3-carboxylic acids: a green approach. J Chem 2016:4678107
Zhou W, Zhang X, Sun X, Wang B, Wang J, Bai L (2013) Microwave-assisted synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives using glycerol as a green solvent. Russ Chem Bull 62:1244–1247
Zhang X, Zhou W, Yang M, Wang J, Bai L (2012) Microwave-assisted synthesis of benzothiazole derivatives using glycerol as green solvent. J Chem Res 2012:489–491
Cravotto G, Orio L, Gaudino E, Martina K, Tavor D, Wolfson A (2011) Efficient synthetic protocols in glycerol under heterogeneous catalysis. ChemSusChem 4:1130–1134
Perrier A, Keller M, Caminade A, Majoral J, Ouali A (2013) Efficient and recyclable rare earth-based catalysts for Friedel-crafts acylations under microwave heating: dendrimers show the way. Green Chem 15:2075–2080
Schäfer C, Ellstrom C, Sood A, Alonzo J, Landge S, Tran C, Török B (2018) Environmentally benign, microwave-assisted chemoselective N hydroxyalkylation of indoles with trifluoroacetaldehyde methyl hemiacetal. ARKIVOC ii:122–130
Török B, Sood A, Bag S, Kulkarni A, Borkin D, Lawler E, Dasgupta S, Landge S, Abid M, Zhou W, Foster M, LeVine H, Török M (2012) Structure-activity relationships of Organofluorine inhibitors of β-amyloid self-assembly. ChemMedChem 7:910–919
Kamimura A, Murata K, Tanaka Y, Okagawa T, Matsumoto H, Kaiso K, Yoshimoto M (2014) Rapid conversion of sorbitol to isosorbide in hydrophobic ionic liquids under microwave irradiation. ChemSusChem 7:3257–3259
Huang Y, Yang T, Zhou M, Pan H, Fu Y (2016) Microwave-assisted alcoholysis of furfural alcohol into alkyl levulinates catalyzed by metal salts. Green Chem 18:1516–1523
Zhang Y, Xia X, Duan M, Han Y, Liu J, Luo M, Zhao C, Zu Y, Fu Y (2016) Green deep eutectic solvent assisted enzymatic preparation of biodiesel from yellow horn seed oil with microwave irradiation. J Mol Catal B Enzym 123:35–40
Horikoshi S, Kamata M, Mitani T, Serpone N (2014) Control of microwave-generated hot spots. 6. Generation of hot spots in dispersed catalyst particulates and factors that affect catalyzed organic syntheses in heterogeneous media. Ind Eng Chem Res 53:14941–14947
Kokel A, Schäfer C, Török B (2017) Application of microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalysis in sustainable synthesis design. Green Chem 19:3729–3751
Frija LMT, Alegria ECBA, Sutradhar M, Cristiano MLS, Ismael A, Kopylovich MN, Pombeiro AJL (2016) Copper(II) and cobalt(II) tetrazole-saccharinate complexes as effective catalysts for oxidation of secondary alcohols. J Mol Catal A Chem 425:283–290
Sutradhar M, Martins LMDRS, Guedes da Silva MFC, Pombeiro AJL (2015) Oxidovanadium complexes with tridentate aroylhydrazone as catalyst precursors for solvent-free microwave-assisted oxidation of alcohols. Appl Catal A Gen 493:50–57
Karmakar A, Martins LMDRS, Guedes da Silva MFC, Hazra S, Pombeiro AJL (2015) Solvent-free microwave-assisted Peroxidative oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by Iron(III)-TEMPO catalytic systems. Catal Lett 145:2066–2076
Walid Amer W, Abdelouahdi K, Ramananarivo HR, Zahouily M, Essassi EM, Fihri A, Solhy A (2013) Oxidation of benzylic alcohols into aldehydes under solvent-free microwave irradiation using new catalyst-support system. Curr Org Chem 17:72–78
Fu R, Yang Y, Jin W, Gu H, Zeng X, Chai W, Ma Y, Wang Q, Yi J, Yuan R (2016) Microwave-assisted heteropolyanion-based ionic liquid promoted sustainable protocol to N-heteroaryl amides via N-directing dual catalyzed oxidative amidation of aldehydes. RSC Adv 6:107699–107707
Fu R, Yang Y, Zhang YJ, Shao J, Xia X, Ma Y, Yuan R (2016) Direct oxidative amidation of aldehydes with amines catalyzed by heteropolyanion-based ionic liquids under solvent-free conditions via a dual-catalysis process. Org Biomol Chem 14:1784–1793
Martins LMDRS, Hazra S, Guedes da Silva MFC, Pombeiro AJL (2016) A sulfonated Schiff base dimethyltin(IV) coordination polymer: synthesis, characterization and application as a catalyst for ultrasound- or microwave-assisted Baeyer-Villiger oxidation under solvent-free conditions. RSC Adv 6:78225–78233
Yadav A, Biswas S, Mobin SM, Samanta S (2017) Efficient cu(OTf)2-catalyzed and microwave-assisted rapid synthesis of 3,4-fused chromenopyridinones under neat conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 58:3634–3639
Ozil M, Mentese E, Kahveci B (2012) Synthesis and reduction reaction of novel triazole compounds in the solid-media condition by using microwave method. Eur J Chem 3:442–446
Khajuria R, Saini Y, Kapoor KK (2013) A solvent-free synthesis of ethyl 3,5-diaryl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates via triethylphosphite mediated reductive cyclization of ethyl 2-nitro-5-oxo-3,5-diarylpentanoates under microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron Lett 54:5699–5702
Khajuria R, Kapoor KK (2014) One-pot, solvent-free cascade Michael-reductive cyclization reaction for the synthesis of ethyl 3,5-disubstituted-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates under microwave irradiation. Curr Microw Chem 1:110–118
Brun E, Safer A, Carreaux F, Bourahla K, L’helgoua’ch JM, Bazureau JP, Villalgordo JM (2015) Microwave-assisted condensation reactions of Acetophenone derivatives and activated methylene compounds with aldehydes catalyzed by boric acid under solvent-free conditions. Molecules 20:11617–11631
Rocchi D, González JF, Menéndez JC (2014) Montmorillonite clay-promoted, solvent-free cross-aldol condensations under focused microwave irradiation. Molecules 19:7317–7326
Zhang DW, Zhang YM, Zhang YL, Zhao TQ, Liu HW, Gan YM, Gu Q (2015) Efficient solvent-free synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes on SiO2 solid support under microwave irradiation. Chem Papers 69:470–478
Penieres-Carrillo JG, Luna-Mora RA, López-Cortés JG, Ortega-Jiménez F, Valdez-Rojas JE, García-Estrada JG, Fernández-Aulis F, Álvarez-Toledano C (2017) Synthesis of novel benzimidazole-diindolylmethane hybrid compounds within the green chemistry context. ARKIVOC iv:210–221
Varghese A, Nizam A, Kulkarni R, George L (2012) Amberlite IR-120H: an improved reusable solid phase catalyst for the synthesis of nitriles under solvent free microwave irradiation. Eur J Chem 3:247–251
Ghodke S, Chudasama U (2013) Solvent free synthesis of coumarins using environment friendly solid acid catalysts. Appl Catal A Gen 453:219–226
Chavan OS, Shioorkar MG, Jadhav SA, Sakhare MA, Pawar YM, Shivaji B, Chavan SB, Baseer MA (2017) Envirocat EPZ-10: an efficient catalyst for synthesis of coumarins by Pechmann reactin under solvent free microwave irradiation method. Heterocyclic Lett 7:377–380
Bandyopadhyay D, Rhodes E, Banik BK (2013) A green, chemoselective, and practical approach toward N-(2-azetidinonyl) 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles. RSC Adv 3:16756–16764
Luque R, Macquarrie DJ (2009) Efficient solvent- and metal-free Sonogashira protocol catalysed by 1,4-diazabicyclo(2.2.2) octane (DABCO). Org Biomol Chem 7:1627–1632
Baran T, Sargin I, Kaya M, Mentes A (2016) An environmental catalyst derived from biological waste materials for green synthesis of biaryls via Suzuki coupling reactions. J Mol Catal A Chem 420:216–221
Pandey G, Török B (2017) K-10 montmorillonite-catalyzed solid phase diazotizations: environmentally benign coupling of diazonium salts with aromatic hydrocarbons to biaryls. Green Chem 19:5390–5395
Bettanin L, Botteselle GV, Godoi M, Braga AL (2014) Green synthesis of 1,3-diynes from terminal acetylenes under solvent-free conditions. Green Chem Lett Rev 7:105–112
Staderini M, Cabezas N, Bolognesi ML, Carlos Menéndez J (2013) Solvent- and chromatography-free amination of π-deficient nitrogen heterocycles under microwave irradiation. A fast, efficient and green route to 9-aminoacridines, 4-aminoquinolines and 4-aminoquinazolines and its application to the synthesis of the drugs amsacrine and bistacrine. Tetrahedron 69:1024–1030
Saba S, Rafique J, Braga AL (2015) Synthesis of unsymmetrical Diorganyl chalcogenides under greener conditions: use of an iodine/DMSO system, solvent- and metal-free approach. Adv Synth Catal 357:1446–1452
Saikia P, Sharma G, Gogoi S, Boruah RC (2015) Cascade imination, Buchwald–Hartwig cross coupling and cycloaddition reaction: synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. RSC Adv 5:23210–23212
Villemin D, Belhadj Z, Cheikh N, Choukchou-Braham N, Bar N, Lohier JF (2013) Solventless convenient synthesis of new cyano-2-aminopyridine derivatives from enaminonitriles. Tetrahedron Lett 54:1664–1668
Vaddula BR, Varma RS, Leazer J (2013) Mixing with microwaves: solvent-free and catalyst-free synthesis of pyrazoles and diazepines. Tetrahedron Lett 54:1538–1541
Kokel A, Török B (2017) Microwave-assisted solid phase diazotation: a method for the environmentally benign synthesis of benzotriazoles. Green Chem 19:2515–2519
Valizadeh H, Dinparast L, Noorshargh S, Heravi MM (2016) Microwave assisted synthesis of hydroxychromenes using imidazole-functionalized silica nanoparticles as a catalyst under solvent-free conditions. C R Chim 19:395–402
Kumar SV, Muthusubramanian S, Perumal S (2015) A solvent- and catalyst-free domino reaction for the efficient synthesis of 3-arylthiazolidine-2- thiones under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 5:90451–90456
Babu M, Pitchumani K, Ramesh P (2013) An expeditious synthesis of Flavonols promoted by montmorillonite KSF clay and assisted by microwave irradiation under solvent-free conditions. Helv Chim Acta 96:1269–1272
Nahakpam L, Chingakham BS, Laitonjam WS (2015) Polymer-supported Tribromide as a new solid phase and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of 2-(N-Arylamino)benzothiazoles under solvent-free microwave irradiation conditions. J Heterocyclic Chem 52:267–272
Naidoo S, Jeena V (2016) A green, solvent-free one-pot synthesis of disubstituted quinolines via A3-coupling using 1mol % FeCl3. Heterocycles 92:1655–1664
Ansari AJ, Sharma S, Pathare RS, Gopal K, Sawant DM, Pardasani RT (2016) Solvent–free multicomponent synthesis of biologically–active fused–imidazo heterocycles catalyzed by reusable Yb(OTf)3 under microwave irradiation. Chem Select 1:1016–1021
Mirzai M, Valizadeh H (2012) Microwave-promoted synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-(thio)ones using IL-ONO as recyclable base catalyst under solvent-free conditions. Synth Commun 42:1268–1277
Harikrishnan PS, Rajesh SM, Perumal S, Almansour AI (2013) A microwave-mediated catalyst- and solvent-free regioselective Biginelli reaction in the synthesis of highly functionalized novel tetrahydropyrimidines. Tetrahedron Lett 54:1076–1079
Shinde VV, Lee SD, Jeong YS, Jeong YT (2015) P-Toluenesulfonic acid doped polystyrene (PS-PTSA): solvent-free microwave assisted cross-coupling-cyclization–oxidation to build one-pot diversely functionalized pyrrole from aldehyde, amine, active methylene, and nitroalkane. Tetrahedron Lett 56:859–865
Bala BD, Rajesh SM, Perumal S (2012) An eco-friendly sequential catalyst- and solvent-free four-component stereoselective synthesis of novel 1,4-pyranonaphthoquinones. Green Chem 14:2484–2490
Ingold M, Loṕez GV, Porcal W (2014) Green conditions for Passerini three-component synthesis of tocopherol analogues. ACS Sust Chem Eng 2:1093–1097
Tran PH, Nguyen HT, Hansen PE, Le TN (2017) Greener Friedel-crafts acylation using microwave-enhanced reactivity of bismuth Triflate in the Friedel-crafts Benzoylation of aromatic compounds with benzoic anhydride. Chem Select 2:571–575
Yaragorla S, Singh G, Saini PL, Reddy MK (2014) Microwave assisted, Ca(II)-catalyzed Ritter reaction for the green synthesis of amides. Tetrahedron Lett 55:4657–4660
Barreto AFS, Salvador CEM, Rosalba TPF, Andrade CKZ (2017) Microwave-assisted Aminolysis of lactones under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions. Curr Microw Chem 4:168–172
Mohsenzadeh F, Aghapoor K, Darabi HR, Jalali MR, Halvagar MR (2016) Greener aminolysis of epoxides on BiCl3/SiO2. C R Chim 19:978–985
Fabian L, Gómez M, Kuran JAC, Moltrasio G, Moglioni A (2014) Efficient microwave-assisted esterification reaction employing Methanesulfonic acid supported on alumina as catalyst. Synth Commun 44:2386–2392
Ma LJ, Inokuchi T (2010) Solvent-free microwave-assisted multi-component reaction for preparation of 2-amino-1-aryl-2-(cyclohex-1-enyl)ethanones as precursors of pseudoephedrine analogues. Chem Commun 46:7037–7039
Benaskar F, Patil N, Rebrov V, Schouten J, Hessel V (2016) Microwaves in Cu-catalyzed organic synthesis in batch and flow mode. In: Horikoshi S, Serpone N (eds) Microwaves in catalysis: methodology and applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 124–130
Gronnow MJ, White RJ, Clark JH, Macquarrie DJ (2005) Energy efficiency in chemical reactions: a comparative study of different reaction techniques. Org Process Res Dev 9:516–518
Razzaq T, Kappe CO (2008) On the energy efficiency of microwave-assisted organic reactions. ChemSusChem 1:123–132
Moseley JD, Woodman EK (2009) Energy efficiency of microwave- and conventionally heated reactors compared at meso scale for organic reactions. Energy Fuel 23:5438–5447
Devine WG, Leadbeater NE (2011) Probing the energy efficiency of microwave heating and continuous-flow conventional heating as tools for organic chemistry. ARKIVOC 2011:127–143
Pinchukova NA, Chebanov VA, Gorobets NY, Gudzenko LV, Ostras KS, Shishkin OV, Hulshof LA, Voloshko AY (2011) Beneficial energy-efficiencies in the microwave-assisted vacuum preparation of Polyphosphoric acid. Chem Eng Process 50:1193–1197
Moseley JD, Kappe CO (2011) A critical assessment of the greenness and energy efficiency of microwave-assisted organic synthesis. Green Chem 13:794–806
Qaroush AK, Al-Hamayda AS, Khashman YK, Vagin SI, Troll C, Rieger B (2013) Highly efficient isocyanate-free microwave-assisted synthesis of [6]-oligourea. Catal Sci Tech 3:2221–2226
Lee CL, Jou CJG (2014) Using low energy-consuming microwave technology to regenerate high carbon-containing Pt catalyst. Environ Pol 3:41–47
Kundu A, Gupta BS, Hashim MA, Sahu JN, Mujawar M, Redzwan G (2015) Optimisation of the process variables in production of activated carbon by microwave heating. RSC Adv 5:35899–35908
Cho H, Török F, Török B (2014) Energy efficiency of heterogeneous catalytic microwave-assisted organic reactions. Green Chem 16:3623–3634
Bennaki H, Colacino E, Andre C, Guenoun F, Martinez J, Lamaty F (2008) Microwave-assisted multi-step synthesis of novel pyrrolo-[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives. Tetrahedron 64:5949–5955
Coquerel Y, Colacino E, Rodriguez J, Martinez J, Lamaty F (2013) Microwaves-assisted stereoselective synthesis, Chapter 5. In: Andrushko V, Andrushko N (eds) Stereoselective synthesis of drugs and natural products. Wiley, Hoboken, pp 145–166
Strauss CR (2009) On scale up of organic reactions in closed vessel microwave systems. Org Process Res Dev 13:915–923
Dallinger D, Lehmann H, Moseley JD, Stadler A, Kappe CO (2011) Scale-up of microwave-assisted reactions in a multimode bench-top reactor. Org Process Res Dev 15:841–854
Lee DS, Amara Z, Poliakoff M, Harman T, Reid G, Rhodes B, Brough S, McInally T, Woodward S (2015) Investigating scale-up and further applications of DABAL-Me3 promoted amide synthesis. Org Process Res Dev 19:831–840
Kim D, Seol SK, Chang WS (2016) Energy efficiency of a scaled-up microwave-assisted transesterification for biodiesel production. Korean J Chem Eng 33:527–531
Schmink JR, Kormos CM, Devine VG, Leadbeater NE (2010) Exploring the scope for scale-up of organic chemistry using a large batch microwave reactor. Org Process Res Dev 14:205–214
Protasova LN, Bulut M, Ormerod D, Buekenhoudt A, Berton J, Stevens CV (2013) Latest highlights in liquid-phase reactions for organic synthesis in microreactors. Org Process Res Dev 17:760–791
Porta R, Benaglia M, Puglisi A (2016) Flow chemistry: recent developments in the synthesis of pharmaceutical products. Org Process Res Dev 20:2–25
Matsuzawa M, Togashi S (2016) Pilot plant for continuous flow microwave-assisted chemical reactions. In: Horikoshi S, Serpone N (eds) Microwaves in catalysis: methodology and applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 141–154
Sheldon RA, Arends I, Hanefeld U (2014) Green chemistry and catalysis, 2nd edn. Wiley-VCH, Weinhem
Pálinkó I (2017) Heterogeneous catalysis: a fundamental pillar of sustainable synthesis. In: Török B, Dransfield T (eds) Green chemistry: an inclusive approach. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 415–447
Bag S, Dasgupta S, Török B (2011) Microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalysis: an environmentally benign tool for contemporary organic synthesis. Curr Org Synth 8:237–261
Varma RS (2002) Clay and clay-supported reagents in organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 58:1235–1255
Polshettiwar V, Varma RS (2008) Microwave-assisted organic synthesis and transformations using benign reaction media. Acc Chem Res 41:629–639
Abid M, Török B, Huang X (2009) Microwave-assisted tandem processes for the synthesis of N-heterocycles. Aus J Chem 62:208–222
Daştan A, Kulkarni A, Török B (2012) Environmentally benign synthesis of heterocyclic compounds by combined microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalytic approaches. Green Chem 14:17–37
Cho H, Schäfer C, Török B (2016) Microwave-assisted solid acid catalysis, Chapter 10. In: Horikoshi S, Serpone N (eds) Microwaves in catalysis – fundamental research and scale-up technology. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 193–212
Whittaker AG, Mingos DMP (2000) Arcing and other microwave characteristics of metal powders in liquid systems. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 2000:1521–1526
Dressen MHCL, van de Kruijs BHP, Meuldijk J, Vekemans JAJM, Hulshof LA (2007) Vanishing microwave effects: influence of heterogeneity. Org Process Res Dev 11:865–869
Sauks JM, Mallik D, Lawryshyn Y, Bender T, Organ M (2014) A continuous-flow microwave reactor for conducting high-temperature and high-pressure chemical reactions. Org Process Res Dev 18:1310–1314
Skillinghaug B, Rydfjord J, Savmarker J, Larhed M (2016) Microwave heated continuous flow palladium(II)-catalyzed Desulfitative synthesis of aryl ketones. Org Process Res Dev 20:2005–2011
Kumpiņa I, Isaksson R, Sävmarker J, Wannberg J, Larhed M (2016) Microwave promoted Transcarbamylation reaction of Sulfonylcarbamates under continuous-flow conditions. Org Process Res Dev 20:440–445
Engen K, Sävmarker J, Rosenström U, Wannberg J, Lundbäck J, Jenmalm-Jensen A, Larhed M (2014) Microwave heated flow synthesis of Spiro-oxindole Dihydroquinazolinone based IRAP inhibitors. Org Process Res Dev 18:1582–1588
Konda V, Rydfjord J, Sävmarker J, Larhed M (2014) Safe palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings with microwave heating using continuous-flow silicon carbide reactors. Org Process Res Dev 18:1413–1418
Patil NG, Benaskar F, Rebrov EV, Meuldijk J, Hulshof LA, Hessel V, Schouten JC (2014) Scale-up of microwave assisted flow synthesis by transient processing through Monomode cavities in series. Org Process Res Dev 18:1400–1407
Marwan EI (2016) Hydrated calcined Cyrtopleura costata seashells as an effective solid catalyst for microwave-assisted preparation of palm oil biodiesel. Energ Conver Manage 117:319–325
Buasri A, Lukkanasiri M, Nernrimnong R, Tonseeya S, Rochanakit K, Wongvitvichot V, Masaard U, Loryuenyong V (2016) Rapid transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel using novel catalyst with a microwave heating system. Korean J Chem Eng 3:3388–3400
Singh V, Veena V, Sharma YC (2017) Low cost Guinea fowl bone derived recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for microwave assisted transesterification of Annona squamosal L. seed oil. Energ Conver Manage 138:627–637
Wu Y, Zhang C, Liu Y, Fu Z, Dai B, Yin D (2012) Biomass char sulfonic acids (BC-SO3H)-catalyzed hydrolysis of bamboo under microwave irradiation. Bioresources 7:5950–5959
Kayser H, Müller CR, Garcia-Gonzalez CA, Smirnova I, Leitner W, de Maria PD (2012) Dried chitosan-gels as organocatalysts for the production of biomass-derived platform chemicals. Appl Catal A Gen 445:180–186
Khan K, Siddiqui ZN (2015) An efficient synthesis of tri- and Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles from Benzils using functionalized chitosan as biodegradable solid acid catalyst. Ind Eng Chem Res 54:6611–6618
Wang D, Zhang E, Xu T, Sheng J, Zou Y (2016) Sequential C-C, C-O, and C-N bond-forming reaction of methyl (−)-3-dehydroshikimate, Malononitrile, and Bromoalkanes: simple synthesis of 2-(Alkylamino)-3-cyanobenzofurans from a biomass-derived substrate. Synlett 27:287–293
Yadav GD, Hude MP, Talpade AD (2015) Microwave assisted process intensification of lipase catalyzed transesterification of 1,2 propanediol with dimethyl carbonate for the green synthesis of propylene carbonate: novelties of kinetics and mechanism of consecutive reactions. Chem Eng J 281:199–208
Books and Reviews
Török B, Dransfield T (eds) (2017) Green chemistry: an inclusive approach. Elsevier, Oxford
Li CJ (ed) (2012) Handbook of green chemistry-green processes, vol 7. Green synthesis. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
d Hoz A, Loupy A (eds) (2012) Microwaves in organic synthesis, 3rd edn. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Kappe CO, Stadler A, Dallinger D (2012) Microwaves in organic and medicinal chemistry, 2nd edn. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Polshettiwar V, Nadagouda MN, Varma RS (2009) Microwave-assisted chemistry: a rapid and sustainable route to synthesis of organics and nanomaterials. Aus J Chem 62:16–26
Gawande MB, Shelke SN, Zboril R, Varma RS (2014) Microwave-assisted chemistry: synthetic applications for rapid assembly of nanomaterials and organics. Acc Chem Res 47:1338–1348
Tierney JP, Lidström P (2005) Microwave-assisted organic synthesis. Oxford, Blackwell
Kappe CO, Dallinger D, Murphree SS (2008) Practical microwave synthesis for organic chemists-Stategies, instruments, and protocols. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Leadbeater N (ed) (2010) Microwave heating as a tool for sustainable chemistry. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
Kokel, A., Schäfer, C., Török, B. (2019). Microwave-Assisted Reactions in Green Chemistry. In: Han, B., Wu, T. (eds) Green Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9060-3_1008
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9060-3_1008
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-9059-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-9060-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics