Skip to main content

Healthy Cities Move to Maturity

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Healthy Cities

Abstract

In this chapter we review the first five chapters of the book through the lens of social movement theory and within a gaze of glocal health (the idea that the global and the local have become inextricably connected) development and evidence. We seek a foundation for the case material in Part II of the book in the documented evidence of Healthy Cities, communities, and villages around the world, and in particular in the series of evaluations carried out for the European Region of WHO Healthy Cities networks. As such, the chapter provides a comprehensive update on the empirical evidence for Healthy Cities around the world. It ends with a reading guide for the ‘regional’ case material in Part II of the book and a justification for the material compiled in that section.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acharya, A., Lalwani, T., Dutta, R., Rajaratnam, J. K., Ruducha, J., Varkey, L. C., … Bernson, J. (2015). Evaluating a large-scale community-based intervention to improve pregnancy and newborn health among the rural poor in India. American Journal of Public Health, 105(1), 144–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashton, J. (1990). Urban lifestyle and public health in the city. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician), 39(2), 147–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashton, J., & Kickbusch, I. (1986). Healthy cities—Action strategies for health promotion, first healthy cities brochure. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bambra, C. (2011). Health inequalities and welfare state regimes: Theoretical insights on a public health ‘puzzle’. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65(9), 740–745.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barton, H., & Grant, M. (2013). Urban planning for healthy cities: A review of the progress of the European Healthy Cities Programme. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 90(Suppl 1), 129–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baum, F., Jolley, G., Hicks, R., Saint, K., & Parker, S. (2006). What makes for sustainable healthy cities initiatives?—A review of the evidence from Noarlunga, Australia after 18 years. Health Promotion International, 21(4), 259–265.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, P., Zavestoski, S., McCormick, S., Mayer, B., Morello‐Frosch, R., & Gasior Altman, R. (2004). Embodied health movements: New approaches to social movements in health. Sociology of Health & Illness, 26(1), 50–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burton, S. (1999). Evaluation of healthy city projects: Stakeholder analysis of two projects in Bangladesh. Environment and Urbanization, 11(1), 41–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coghlan, B., Toole, M. J., Chanlivong, N., Kounnavong, S., Vongsaiya, K., & Renzaho, A. (2014). The impact on child wasting of a capacity building project implemented by community and district health staff in rural Lao PDR. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 23(1), 105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Leeuw, E. (2012a). Healthy cities deserve better. The Lancet, 380(9850), 1306–1307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Leeuw, E. (2012b). Do healthy cities work? A logic of method for assessing impact and outcome of healthy cities. Journal of Urban Health, 89(2), 217–231.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Leeuw, E., Clavier, C., & Breton, E. (2014a). Health policy–Why research it and how: Health political science. Health Research Policy and Systems, 12(1), 55.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • de Leeuw, E., Tsouros, A. D., Dyakova, M., & Green, G. (2014b). Healthy cities, promoting health and equity-evidence for local policy and practice. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Leeuw, E., Green, G., Spanswick, L., & Palmer, N. (2015a). Policymaking in European healthy cities. Health Promotion International, 30(suppl 1), i18–i31

    Google Scholar 

  • de Leeuw, E., Green, G., Tsouros, A., Dyakova, M., Farrington, J., Faskunger, J., … Lease, H. (2015b). Healthy Cities Phase V evaluation: Further synthesizing realism. Health promotion international, 30(Suppl 1), i118–i125.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Leeuw, E., Kickbusch, I., Palmer, N., & Spanswick, L. (2015c). European Healthy Cities come to terms with health network governance. Health Promotion International, 30(suppl 1), i32–i44

    Google Scholar 

  • de Leeuw, E., & Skovgaard, T. (2005). Utility-driven evidence for healthy cities: Problems with evidence generation and application. Social Science & Medicine, 61(6), 1331–1341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diallo, T., Cantoreggi, N., Simos, J., Christie, D. (submitted in December 2015). Health is multisectoral, but is it practiced as such? A case study in Switzerland. Public Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donchin, M., Shemesh, A. A., Horowitz, P., & Daoud, N. (2006). Implementation of the Healthy Cities’ principles and strategies: An evaluation of the Israel Healthy Cities network. Health Promotion International, 21(4), 266–273.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fanzo, J. (2014). Strengthening the engagement of food and health systems to improve nutrition security: Synthesis and overview of approaches to address malnutrition. Global Food Security, 3(3), 183–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farrington, J. L., Faskunger, J., & Mackiewicz, K. (2015). Evaluation of risk factor reduction in a European City Network. Health Promotion International, 30(suppl 1), i86–i98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goumans, M. J. (1998) Innovations in a fuzzy domain: Healthy cities and (health) policy development in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (Doctoral dissertation). Maastricht University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C., Davies, J. K., & Sherriff, N. (2010). Health in the urban environment: A qualitative review of the Brighton and Hove WHO Healthy City Program. Journal of Urban Health, 87(1), 8–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, T., & Duhl, L. (1986). Promoting health in the urban context (WHO Healthy Cities Papers No. 1). Copenhagen: FADL Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harpham, T., Burton, S., & Blue, I. (2001). Healthy city projects in developing countries: The first evaluation. Health Promotion International, 16(2), 111–125.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kegler, M. C., Twiss, J. M., & Look, V. (2000). Assessing community change at multiple levels: The genesis of an evaluation framework for the California Healthy Cities Project. Health Education & Behavior, 27(6), 760–779.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J. (2012) Principles of healthy city evaluation. 保健 敎 育 · 建康 增進 學會 誌 第 29 卷 4 號, 2012.10, 67–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiyu, A., Steinkuehler, A. A., Hashim, J., Hall, J., Lee, P. F., & Taylor, R. (2006). Evaluation of the healthy village program in Kapit district, Sarawak, Malaysia. Health Promotion International, 21(1), 13–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumaresan, J., Prasad, A., Alwan, A., & Ishikawa, N. (2010). Promoting health equity in cities through evidence-based action. Journal of Urban Health, 87(5), 727–773.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lafferty, W. M., & Eckerberg, K. (2013). From the Earth Summit to Local Agenda 21: Working towards sustainable development (Vol. 12). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipp, A., Winters, T., & de Leeuw, E. (2013). Evaluation of partnership working in cities in phase IV of the WHO Healthy Cities Network. Journal of Urban Health, 90(1), 37–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, C., King, R., Bassett, H., Sandland, S., & Savige, G. (2001). Patient, client or consumer? A survey of preferred terms. Australasian Psychiatry, 9(4), 321–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masud Rana, A. K. M., Wahlin, Å., Stålsby Lundborg, C., & Nahar Kabir, Z. (2009). Impact of health education on health-related quality of life among elderly persons: Results from a community-based intervention study in rural Bangladesh. Health Promotion International, 24(1), 36–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (Eds.). (1996). Comparative perspectives on social movements: Political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, V., Prathiba, V., & Pradeepa, R. (2014). Tele-diabetology to screen for diabetes and associated complications in Rural India: The Chunampet Rural Diabetes Prevention Project Model. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, 8(2), 256–261.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Moysés, S. J., Moysés, S. T., McCarthy, M., & Sheiham, A. (2006). Intra-urban differentials in child dental trauma in relation to healthy cities policies in Curitiba, Brazil. Health & Place, 12(1), 48–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nam, E. W., De Leuw, E., Moon, J. Y., Nayu, I., Dorjsuren, B., & Park, M. B. (2011). Sustainable funding of health initiatives in Wonju, Republic of Korea via a tobacco consumption tax. Health Promotion International, 26(4), 457–464.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nohara, Y., Kai, E., Ghosh, P. P., Islam, R., Ahmed, A., Kuroda, M., … Nakashima, N. (2015). Health checkup and telemedical intervention program for preventive medicine in developing countries: Verification study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(1), e2.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, M., Cardinal, L., Fortin, J. P., & Groleau, G. (1990). La naissance du réseau québécois de Villes et de villages en santé. Recherches sociographiques, 31(3), 405–418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, M., & Simard, P. (2006). Choosing indicators to evaluate Healthy Cities projects: A political task? Health Promotion International, 21(2), 145–152.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Plümer, K. D., Kennedy, L., & Trojan, A. (2010). Evaluating the implementation of the WHO Healthy Cities Programme across Germany (1999–2002). Health Promotion International, 25(3), 342–354. doi:10.1093/heapro/daq028.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ritsatakis, A. (2009). Equity and social determinants of health at a city level. Health Promotion International, 24(suppl 1), i81–i90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ritsatakis, A. (2013). Equity and the social determinants of health in European cities. Journal of Urban Health, 90(1), 92–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ritsatakis, A., Ostergren, P. O., & Webster, P. (2015). Tackling the social determinants of inequalities in health during Phase V of the Healthy Cities Project in Europe. Health Promotion International, 30(suppl 1), i45–i53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rydin, Y., Bleahu, A., Davies, M., Dávila, J. D., Friel, S., De Grandis, G., … Lai, K. M. (2012). Shaping cities for health: complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century. The Lancet, 379(9831), 2079–2108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suntayakorn, C., & Rojjanasrirat, W. (2013). Effects of an empowerment program on health behaviors and stroke risk reduction of at-risk group in Thai rural community. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand=Chotmaihet thangphaet, 96(9), 1229–1238.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takano, T. (Ed.). (2003). Healthy cities and urban policy research. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomlin, D., Naylor, P. J., McKay, H., Zorzi, A., Mitchell, M., & Panagiotopoulos, C. (2012). The impact of Action Schools! BC on the health of Aboriginal children and youth living in rural and remote communities in British Columbia. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 71, 17999.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsouros, A. D. (1991). World Health Organization Healthy Cities Project: A project becomes a movement (Review of progress 1987 to 1990). Milano: Sogess.

    Google Scholar 

  • Twiss, J. M., Duma, S., Look, V., Shaffer, G. S., & Watkins, A. C. (2000). Twelve years and counting: California’s experience with a statewide Healthy Cities and Community program. Public Health Reports, 115(2–3), 125.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J., Chen, C. Y., Lai, L. J., Chen, M. L., & Chen, M. Y. (2014). The effectiveness of a community-based health promotion program for rural elders: A quasi-experimental design. Applied Nursing Research, 27(3), 181–185.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Werna, E., & Harpham, T. (1995). The evaluation of healthy city projects in developing countries. Habitat International, 19(4), 629–641.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werna, E., Harpham, T., Blue, I., & Goldstein, G. (2014). Healthy city projects in developing countries: An international approach to local problems. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willis, E. (2006). Introduction: Taking stock of medical dominance. Health Sociology Review, 15(5), 421–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2010). Hidden cities: Unmasking and overcoming health inequities in urban settings. Geneva: World Health Organization, UN Habitat.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. (2016). Global report on urban health: Equitable, healthier cities for sustainable development. Geneva: World Health Organization, UN Habitat.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Evelyne de Leeuw or Jean Simos .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

de Leeuw, E., Simos, J. (2017). Healthy Cities Move to Maturity. In: de Leeuw, E., Simos, J. (eds) Healthy Cities. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6694-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6694-3_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6692-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6694-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics