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Prediabetes Genes in Pima and Amish

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Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has a global distribution, yet its prevalence varies from country to country with the highest rates being reported in developed and developing countries [1–3]. Studies comparing rural vs. urban dwelling, as well as migration studies, indicate that change towards a “Westernized” lifestyle is associated with a dramatic increase in the prevalence rates for this disease [4]. This environmental impact has been documented in urbanized Pacific Island populations and migrant Asian Indians [5–9]. However, among individuals living in a similar environment, genetics has a clear influence on prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes. Different ethnic groups living within the same geographic region often have different prevalence rates of this disease [10]. For example, Latinos are the largest minority population in the United States and have a two to fourfold higher prevalence of diagnosed diabetes as compared to Caucasians [11, 12]. Rates of diabetes also differ between families, where siblings of affected individuals have an increased risk, which again suggests a familial component. Some of the strongest evidence for a genetic basis for type 2 diabetes comes from studies in twin pairs. Both monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs share equally in a family environment, yet there is a higher concordance rate for type 2 diabetes among monozygotic twins who share 100% of their DNA as compared to dizygotic twins who share on average 50% of their DNA [13, 14].

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  1. Diabetes Molecular Genetics Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 445 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA

    Leslie J. Baier PhD

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  1. Leslie J. Baier PhD
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Correspondence to Leslie J. Baier PhD .

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  1. , Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA

    Derek LeRoith

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Baier, L.J. (2012). Prediabetes Genes in Pima and Amish. In: LeRoith, D. (eds) Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3314-9_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3314-9_5

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