Abstract
On 1 May 1851, Lady Charlotte Guest, with her daughter Maria, attended the opening ceremony of the Great Exhibition in the Crystal Palace situated in Kensington Gardens.1 The Dowlais Iron Co. had loaned series of specimens illustrating the manufacture of iron2 and these would have been displayed in the south-west galleries, along with other items illustrating coal mining and the metallic industries. The exhibition had been conceived not simply as a way of demonstrating British superiority in manufacturing but was, in the words of Prince Albert, President of the Commissioners, appointed to organise the event, ‘to give us a true test and living picture of the point of development at which the whole of mankind has arrived’.4 The engineering trades were equally well represented and there were a variety of machines on display to show their precision and self-acting properties. Machinery for drilling, boring, shearing, punching, planing and slotting, together with their products, were arranged in the north-west corner of the mighty hall of iron and glass.5 It was here that an inspired John Sutton Nettlefold first considered applying the latest mechanical techniques to the manufacture of woodscrews. Britain’s industrial and trading competitors also exhibited, so that Germany, France, Belgium, Russia and America all had sections.
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References
Lady Charlotte Guest, ‘Journal’, Vol. IX, February 1851–September 1853, 1 May 1851, pp. 47–48.
GRO, D/DG, Section C, Box 8, Miscellaneous, Letter to Lady Charlotte Guest from the Crystal Palace Co., 26 August 1854.
Robert Hunt, Hunt’s Hand-Book to the Official Catalogues... of the Great Exhibition, Vol. I, London (1851), pp. 28, 47 and plan.
Quoted from C.H. Gibbs-Smith, The Great Exhibition of 1851, London HMSO (1981), p. 9.
Hunt’s Hand-Book, pp. 527–28.
Raymond McGrath and A.C. Frost, Glass in Architecture and Decoration, London (1961), p. 45.
Patent No. 4117, 13 May 1817, for ‘Certain Improvements in the Method or Methods of making screws of Iron, Brass, Steel or other Metals for the use in all kinds of Wood Work’; The Ironmonger, 10 February 1923, p. 96.
C. Anthony Crofton, The Nettlefolds, A Genealogical Account of the Family of Nettlefold (1962), pp. 27–28.
New List of Prices of Patent Screws sold only by J.S. Nettlefold, No. 8 Red Lion Street, Holborn, with handwritten note: ‘This list printed April 1826. I am now selling for ready money at the Counter by this List.’
The Hardware Trade Journal, 25 May 1934, p. 304.
Typewritten list of early Customers.
Elsa Steer, Threads from the Family Tapestry (privately printed, 1957), p. 33.
Hunt’s Hand-Book, Vol. 1, pp. 94–95.
Ibid., Vol. II, p. 772.
Guest, ‘Journal’, Vol. VI, November 1837–March 1841, 30 August 1839, p. 270; Bessborough, Lady Charlotte Guest, pp. 94–95.
H.W. Dickinson, Transactions of the Newcomen Society, Vol. XXII (1941–42), ‘Origin and Manufacture of Woodscrews’, p. 85; ‘A Short History of the Woodscrew’ (typescript); The Woodworkers Journal, No. 2, February 1953, ‘A Short History of the Woodscrew’, p. 73.
Dickinson, Transactions of the Newcomen Society, p. 86.
United States Patent Office, Thomas J. Sloane of New York, Improvement in Machinery for cutting the threads of Pointed Screws, Patent No. 4864, 24 November 1846, Reissue No. 110, 8 March 1848; Ibid., Improvement in Wood-Screws, Patent No. 4704, 20 August 1846, Reissue No. 107, 22 February 1848; Ibid., Machine for Arranging and Feeding Screw-Blanks, Patent No. 7958, 25 February 1851, Reissue No. 234, 29 March 1853.
DBB, Vol. 1, London (1984), Peter T. Marsh, ‘Joseph Chamberlain’, pp. 643–44; Denis Judd, Radical Joe, A Life of Joseph Chamberlain, London (1977), pp. 14, 17.
‘How Mr. Chamberlain made his Fortune, The Romance of the Pointed Screw’ (typescript n.d.), p. 1.
Ordnance Survey 6 ins to 1 mile, Staffordshire Sheet, LXXII (1890).
‘Recollections of the Screw Department’ (typescript, compiled 1927), Mr. E. Castle, p. 1.
Jones, Industrial Architecture, p. 101.
Messrs. Nettlefold & Chamberlain, E.6., Transverse Section of a Mill, Transverse Section through Arch and Band Holes, signed Thomas Chatfeild Clarke, Architect, 137 Leadenhall Street.
The Builder, Vol. LXIX, No. 2735, 6 July 1895, Obituary T.C. Clarke, p. 15.
Nettlefold & Chamberlain, Transverse Section No. 5 Bay (1863).
The Architect’s, Engineer’s and Building-Trade’s Directory, London (1868), p. 105.
Birmingham University Library (BUL), JC 1/17/1, Press Cuttings.
Nettlefolds Ltd., Directors Minute Book, No. 1 (1880–86), 20 April 1880, p. 7; 2 May 1882, p. 154.
Price List and Drawings of the Articles manufactured by Nettlefold & Chamberlain, Birmingham (1870), inside cover.
‘Recollections’, Mr. A. Weare, p. 9; VCHS, Vol. XVII, Oxford (1976), p. 113.
Ibid., Mr. John Dinnis, p. 21.
Ibid., Mr. Joseph Tetley, p. 12.
Ibid., Mr. John Dinnis, p. 21.
Ibid., Mr. Hughes, p. 19; VCHS, Vol. XVII, op. cit., p. 113.
G. Phillips Bevan (Editor), British Manufacturing Industries, Guns, Nails, Locks, Woodscrews, Railway Bolts and Spikes, London (1878), W.C Aitken, ‘Wood Screws’, p. 60.
Birmingham Daily Post, 4 July 1914.
Aitken, ‘Wood Screws’, p. 63.
PIME, Vol. 27, July 1876, pp. 327–28.
‘Recollections’, Mr. Thomas Burns, p. 5.
PIME, Vol. 27, p. 328.
‘Recollections’, Mr. E. Castle, p. 3; Mr. A. Weare, p. 10.
GKN, Nettlefolds Price List and Drawings, 17th Edition (1917).
English Mechanic and Mirror of Science, 1 January 1869, Advertisement, p. vii.
Price List and Drawings (1870) and (1871).
DBB, Vol. 1, p. 644.
An Outline History of Guest, Keen & Nettlefolds (c. 1925), p. 29.
‘Recollections’, Mr. E. Phillips, p. 25.
Ibid., Mr. R. Earp, p. 28.
Printed letter from Nettlefold & Chamberlain announcing the acquisition, 1 July 1865.
Ibid.
The Engineer, Vol. XX, 14 July 1865, p. 16.
‘Recollections’, Mr. E. Castle, p. 3; Mr. J. Dinnis, p. 21.
‘Book of sample labels’, pp. 35–38.
‘Recollections’, Mr. Phillips, p. 26.
Ibid., Mr. Earp, p. 30.
Plan of the freehold Property situate in the Parish of King’s Norton... belonging to Nettlefolds Ltd., (1883).
‘Recollections’, Mr. Earp, p. 29.
The Engineer, Vol. LIV, 4 August 1882, Obituary, p. 89; MPICE, Vol. LXXIII (1883), Memoir, pp. 367–68.
Various plans and elevations signed by Robert C. May, 3 Great Queen Street, Westminster, February–March 1864.
Various plans for the rolling shop and furnaces, signed by S.H.F. Cox, agent and contractor of Sheffield, 1865–66.
Patent File Co., Contract No. 3, Drawing No. 15, details of the Front Elevation, 15 March 1864.
General Plan of the heating furnaces, rolling shops, signed S.H.F. Cox, 26 March 1866.
BUL, Neville Chamberlain Papers 1/6/12; Letter J. Chamberlain to J.H. Nettlefold, 21 March 1870.
Ibid., 1/6/3/11, 20 May 1870.
Outline History, p. 27.
Nettlefolds Ltd. Iron and Wire Department Price List, (1884).
Birmingham University Library, Chamberlain Papers, JC 1/18/2, Joseph Chamberlain’s Business Notebook 1866–74, 31 May 1870.
Ibid., 30 June 1870, p. 27.
DBB, Vol. 1, pp. 644–45.
‘Recollections’, Mr. A. Weare, p. 9; Mr. J. Dinnis, p. 22.
DBB, Vol. 1, p. 645.
‘Recollections’, Mr. Weare, p. 9.
‘How Mr. Chamberlain made his Fortune’, p. 7.
The City Press, 15 March 1913.
BUL, JC 1/18, 2 Notebook, passim.
Prix-Courant et Album des Manufactures de Nettlefold & Chamberlain, (1878).
‘Recollections’, Mr. Weare, p. 10.
Lista de Precos e Desenhos de Artigos fabricados por Nettlefolds, (1871).
BRL, Obituary Notices Birmingham and London, 1864–1904, collected by G.H. Osborne, Birmingham Gazette, 24 November 1881, J.H. Nettlefold, p. 192.
BUL, JC 1/18, Notebook, 9 September 1869.
DBB, Vol. 1, p. 645.
‘Recollections’, Mr. Weare, p. 10.
Ibid., Mr. Joseph Tetley, p. 16.
Ibid., Mr. E.H. Jackson, p. 7.
BUL, J.C.L. Add. 3042, Add. 143, Note on Taxes, 18 August 1870.
Ibid.
DBB, Vol. IV, London (1985), David J. Jeremy,’ sir Josiah Mason’, pp. 179–82.
Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 646.
The Builder, Vol. LXXIII, No. 2,858, 13 November 1897, p. 403; The Architect’s, Engineer’s and Building-Trade’s Directory, London (1868), p. 131.
Birmingham Screw Co. Ltd., Drawing No. 31, Cross section and Transverse sections through Mill; Ibid., Transverse Section and Ground Plan, October 1870, Thomson Plevins.
BUL, Papers of Neville Chamberlain, 1/6/3/11 Letter Joseph Chamberlain to J.H. Nettlefold, 20 May 1890.
Ibid., 1/6/3/1, 7 May 1870.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid., 1/6/3/1-11.
Ibid., 1/6/3/3, 10 May 1870.
Ibid.
Ibid., 1/6/3/11, 20 May 1870.
Ibid., 1/6/3/13, 23 May 1870.
Ibid., 1/6/3/14, 24 May 1870.
Ibid., 1/6/3/10, 19 May 1870.
Ibid., 1/6/3/13, 23 May 1870.
Arnold Bennett, The Card, London (1911), Harmondsworth (1975).
BUL, 1/6/3/18, (n.d.).
Ibid.
Ibid.
Judd, Radical Joe, p. 52.
DBB, Vol. 1, p. 648.
Ibid., Barbara D.M. Smith, ‘Arthur Chamberlain’, pp. 633–4.
‘Recollections’, Mr. Weare, p. 11; Mr. E. Phillips, p. 26.
Ibid., Mr. Earp, p. 30.
Ibid.
Birmingham Screw Co. Ltd., Illustrated Catalogue and Price List (1876).
‘How Mr. Chamberlain made his Fortune’ (typescript), p. 5.
Louis Creswicke, The Life of Joseph Chamberlain, Vol. 1, London (1904), p. 29.
N. Murrell Marris, Joseph Chamberlain: the Man and the Statesman, London (1900), p. 43.
DBB, Vol. IV, London (1985), Edgar Jones, ‘Joseph Henry Nettlefold’, pp. 428–31.
PIME, Vol. 33 (1882), Memoir, pp. 9–10.
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Jones, E. (1987). The Origins of Nettlefold & Chamberlain 1823–80. In: A History of GKN. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06629-2_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06629-2_5
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