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Neurophysiology of Language Pathologies

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Language Electrified

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 202))

Abstract

Language- and speech-related disorders are among the most frequent consequences of developmental and acquired pathologies. While classical approaches to the study of these disorders typically employed the lesion method to unveil one-to-one correspondence between locations, the extent of the brain damage, and corresponding symptoms, recent advances advocate the use of online methods of investigation. For example, the use of electrophysiology or magnetoencephalography—especially when combined with anatomical measures—allows for in vivo tracking of real-time language and speech events, and thus represents a particularly promising venue for future research targeting rehabilitative interventions. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive overview of language and speech pathologies arising from cortical and/or subcortical damage, and their corresponding neurophysiological and pathological symptoms. Building upon the reviewed evidence and literature, we aim at providing a description of how the neurophysiology of the language network changes as a result of brain damage. We will conclude by summarizing the evidence presented in this chapter, while suggesting directions for future research.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    It is important to note that in most cases, traumatic brain injuries entail a combination of a focal lesion (the contact point with the skull or with an external object) and a diffuse lesion (often due to the shearing and tearing of white matter tracts, for example in the case of car accidents). A distinction between the two components can be made only on an individual basis. See also [22, 41].

  2. 2.

    Subtle deficits are especially frequent following mild TBI, as—in severe injuries—they may be masked by more global deficits (e.g., coma, motor deficits [22]). A full description of the different forms and severity grades of TBI is, however, outside the scope of this chapter (but see, e.g., [59]).

  3. 3.

    Here, the model is simplified to focus on perceptive and productive deficits; originally, it includes a third “concept” center and its connections to the motor and sensory hubs [82,83,84].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Laura Verga, Michael Schwartze & Sonja A. Kotz

  2. Comparative Bioacoustics Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Laura Verga

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  1. Laura Verga
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  2. Michael Schwartze
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  3. Sonja A. Kotz
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Correspondence to Laura Verga or Sonja A. Kotz .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centro di Ricerca Interdisciplinare sul Linguaggio (CRIL), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

    Mirko Grimaldi

  2. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Elvira Brattico

  3. Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Yury Shtyrov

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Verga, L., Schwartze, M., Kotz, S.A. (2023). Neurophysiology of Language Pathologies. In: Grimaldi, M., Brattico, E., Shtyrov, Y. (eds) Language Electrified. Neuromethods, vol 202. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3263-5_24

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