Skip to main content

Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Multiplex Biomarker Techniques

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 2511))

Abstract

COVID-19 disease is caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and is associated with a cytokine storm effect in some patients. This can lead to decreased ability of the host to cope with the infection and result in severe disease outcomes. Here, we present a protocol for isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profiling to identify the affected molecules and molecular pathways. It is hoped that this will lead to the identification of potential biomarkers for monitoring the disease as well as treatment responses. This approach could also be used in the study of other respiratory viruses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X et al (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 395(10223):497–506

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W et al (2020) A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 382(8):727–733

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/

  4. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

  5. Guest PC (2021) Clinical, biological and molecular aspects of COVID-19, Advances in experimental medicine and biology 1321. Springer, New York. ISBN-13: 978-3030592608

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. Jafari-Oori M, Ghasemifard F, Ebadi A et al (2021) Acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19: a scoping review and meta-analysis. Adv Exp Med Biol 1321:211–228

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Guest PC, Ozanne SE (2021) The worldwide effort to develop vaccines for COVID-19. Adv Exp Med Biol 1327:215–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Our World in Data; Coronavirus Vaccinations. https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations. Accessed 11 Nov 2021

  9. Singh B, Chattu VK (2021) Prioritizing ‘equity’ in COVID-19 vaccine distribution through Global Health Diplomacy. Health Promot Perspect 11(3):281–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Muric G, Wu Y, Ferrara E (2021) COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy on social media: building a public twitter dataset of anti-vaccine content, vaccine misinformation and conspiracies. JMIR Public Health Surveill. https://doi.org/10.2196/30642. Online ahead of print

  11. Lu F, Sun Y (2022) COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: the effects of combining direct and indirect online opinion cues on psychological reactance to health campaigns. Comput Human Behav 127:107057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107057

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Thye AY, Law JW, Pusparajah P et al (2021) Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs): an impending global crisis. Biomedicine 9(10):1303. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101303

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Azar MM, Shin JJ, Kang I et al (2020) Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the setting of the cytokine release syndrome. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 20(11):1087–1097

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Morris G, Bortolasci CC, Puri BK et al (2021) The cytokine storms of COVID-19, H1N1 influenza, CRS and MAS compared. Can one sized treatment fit all? Cytokine 144(155593). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155593

  15. Ahmad F, Kannan M, Ansari AW (2021) Role of SARS-CoV-2 -induced cytokines and growth factors in coagulopathy and thromboembolism. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev:S1359-6101(21)00079-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.10.007. Online ahead of print

  16. Pasrija R, Naime M (2021) The deregulated immune reaction and cytokines release storm (CRS) in COVID-19 disease. Int Immunopharmacol 90:107225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107225

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Norooznezhad AH, Mansouri K (2021) Endothelial cell dysfunction, coagulation, and angiogenesis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Microvasc Res 137:104188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2021.104188

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Polonikov A (2020) Endogenous deficiency of glutathione as the Most likely cause of serious manifestations and death in COVID-19 patients. ACS Infect Dis 6(7):1558–1562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Muhammad Y, Kani YA, Iliya S et al (2021) Deficiency of antioxidants and increased oxidative stress in COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional comparative study in Jigawa, Northwestern Nigeria. SAGE Open Med 9:2050312121991246. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312121991246

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Singh SP, Amar S, Gehlot P et al (2021) Mitochondrial modulations, autophagy pathways shifts in viral infections: consequences of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 22(15):8180. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Vigón L, Fuertes D, García-Pérez J et al (2021) Impaired cytotoxic response in PBMCs from patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU: biomarkers to predict disease severity. Front Immunol 12:665329. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.665329

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Pontelli MC, Castro IA, Martins RB et al (2020) Infection of human lymphomononuclear cells by SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.28.225912. Preprint

  23. Manunta MDI, Lamorte G, Ferrari F et al (2021) Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the recovery of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by density gradient. Sci Rep 11(1):4904. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83950-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Matyushenko V, Isakova-Sivak I, Kudryavtsev I et al (2021) Detection of IFNgamma-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells in COVID-19 convalescents after stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with live SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 13(8):1490. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13081490

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Singh Y, Trautwein C, Fendel R et al (2021) SARS-CoV-2 infection paralyzes cytotoxic and metabolic functions of the immune cells. Heliyon 7(6):e07147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07147

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. http://cran.rproject.org

  27. Guest PC, Rahmoune H (2017) Blood sampling and preparation procedures for proteomic biomarker studies of psychiatric disorders. Adv Exp Med Biol 974:141–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. https://www.merckmillipore.com/GB/en/product/ProteoExtract-Subcellular-Proteome-Extraction-Kit,EMD_BIO-539790?bd=1#anchor_TI

  29. Silva JC, Denny R, Dorschel CA et al (2005) Quantitative proteomic analysis by accurate mass retention time pairs. Anal Chem 77(7):2187–2200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Herberth M, Koethe D, Levin Y et al (2011) Peripheral profiling analysis for bipolar disorder reveals markers associated with reduced cell survival. Proteomics 11(1):94–105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Herberth M, Koethe D, Cheng TM et al (2011) Impaired glycolytic response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of first-onset antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients. Mol Psychiatry 16(8):848–859

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

About this protocol

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this protocol

Guest, P.C., Rahmoune, H. (2022). Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients. In: Guest, P.C. (eds) Multiplex Biomarker Techniques. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2511. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2395-4_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2395-4_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2394-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2395-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics