Abstract
Immunofluorescence staining enables the visualization of protein expression at a cellular or even sub-nuclear level. Whole-mount staining preserves the three-dimensional spatial information in biological samples allowing a comprehensive interpretation of expression domains. Here we describe the sample processing, protein detection using antibodies and confocal imaging of isolated preimplantation to early postimplantation mouse embryos up to Embryonic day 8.0 (E8.0).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Saiz N, Plusa B (2013) Early cell fate decisions in the mouse embryo. Reproduction 145(3):R65–R80. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-12-0381
Takaoka K, Hamada H (2012) Cell fate decisions and axis determination in the early mouse embryo. Development 139(1):3–14. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.060095
Tam PPL, Loebel DAF (2007) Gene function in mouse embryogenesis: get set for gastrulation. Nat Rev Genet 8:368–381. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2084
Rivera-Pérez JA, Mager J, Magnuson T (2003) Dynamic morphogenetic events characterize the mouse visceral endoderm. Dev Biol 261:470–487. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00302-6
Perea-Gomez A, Rhinn M, Ang SL (2001) Role of the anterior visceral endoderm in restricting posterior signals in the mouse embryo. Int J Dev Biol 45:311–320
Perea-Gomez A, Vella FDJ, Shawlot W, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Chazaud C, Meno C, Pfister V, Chen L, Robertson E, Hamada H, Behringer RR, Ang SL (2002) Nodal antaginists in the anterior visceral endoderm prevent the formation of multiple primitive streaks. Dev Cell 3:745–756. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00321-0
Boroviak T, Loos R, Lombard P, Okahara J, Behr R, Sasaki E, Nichols J, Smith A, Bertone P (2015) Lineage-specific profiling delineates the emergence and progression of naive pluripotency in mammalian embryogenesis. Dev Cell 35:366–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2015.10.011
Guo G, Huss M, Tong GQ, Wang C, Li Sun L, Clarke ND, Robson P (2010) Resolution of cell fate decisions revealed by single-cell gene expression analysis from zygote to blastocyst. Dev Cell 18:675–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2010.02.012
Cheng S, Pei Y, He L, Peng G, Reinius B, Tam PPL, Jing N, Deng Q (2019) Single-cell RNA-Seq reveals cellular heterogeneity of pluripotency transition and X chromosome dynamics during early mouse development. Cell Rep 26(10):2593–2607.e2593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.031
Pijuan-Sala B, Griffiths JA, Guibentif C, Hiscock TW, Jawaid W, Calero-Nieto FJ, Mulas C, Ibarra-Soria X, Tyser RCV, Ho DLL, Reik W, Srinivas S, Simons BD, Nichols J, Marioni JC, Göttgens B (2019) A single-cell molecular map of mouse gastrulation and early organogenesis. Nature 566(7745):490–495. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-0933-9
Chazaud C, Yamanaka Y, Pawson T, Rossant J (2006) Early lineage segregation between epiblast and primitive endoderm in mouse blastocysts through the Grb2-MAPK pathway. Dev Cell 10:615–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2006.02.020
Nishioka N, Inoue K-i, Adachi K, Kiyonari H, Ota M, Ralston A, Yabuta N, Hirahara S, Stephenson RO, Ogonuki N, Makita R, Kurihara H, Morin-Kensicki EM, Nojima H, Rossant J, Nakao K, Niwa H, Sasaki H (2009) The hippo signaling pathway components Lats and Yap pattern Tead4 activity to distinguish mouse trophectoderm from inner cell mass. Dev Cell 16(3):398–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2009.02.003
Niwa H, Toyooka Y, Shimosato D, Strumpf D, Takahashi K, Yagi R, Rossant J (2005) Interaction between Oct3/4 and Cdx2 determines trophectoderm differentiation. Cell 123:917–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.040
Cajal M, Lawson KA, Hill B, Moreau A, Rao J, Ross A, Collignon J, Camus A (2012) Clonal and molecular analysis of the prospective anterior neural boundary in the mouse embryo. Development 139:423–436. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.075499
Takemoto T, Uchikawa M, Yoshida M, Bell DM, Lovell-Badge R, Papaioannou VE, Kondoh H (2011) Tbx6-dependent Sox2 regulation determines neural or mesodermal fate in axial stem cells. Nature 470:394–398. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09729
Peng G, Suo S, Chen J, Chen W, Liu C, Yu F, Wang R, Chen S, Sun N, Cui G, Song L, Tam PPL, Han JDJ, Jing N (2016) Spatial transcriptome for the molecular annotation of lineage fates and cell identity in mid-gastrula mouse embryo. Dev Cell 36:681–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2016.02.020
Ståhl PL, Salmén F, Vickovic S, Lundmark A, Navarro JF, Magnusson J, Giacomello S, Asp M, Westholm JO, Huss M, Mollbrink A, Linnarsson S, Codeluppi S, Borg Å, Pontén F, Costea PI, Sahlén P, Mulder J, Bergmann O, Lundeberg J, Frisén J (2016) Visualization and analysis of gene expression in tissue sections by spatial transcriptomics. Science 353(6294):78. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf2403
Downs KM (2008) Systematic localization of Oct-3/4 to the gastrulating mouse conceptus suggests manifold roles in mammalian development. Dev Dyn 237:464–475. https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.21438
Sasaki K, Nakamura T, Okamoto I, Yabuta Y, Iwatani C, Tsuchiya H, Seita Y, Nakamura S, Shiraki N, Takakuwa T, Yamamoto T, Saitou M (2016) The germ cell fate of cynomolgus monkeys is specified in the nascent amnion. Dev Cell 39(2):169–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2016.09.007
Osorno R, Tsakiridis A, Wong F, Cambray N, Economou C, Wilkie R, Blin G, Scotting PJ, Chambers I, Wilson V (2012) The developmental dismantling of pluripotency is reversed by ectopic Oct4 expression. J Cell Sci 125:e1.1–e1e1. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115147
Wymeersch FJ, Huang Y, Blin G, Cambray N, Wilkie R, Wong FCK, Wilson V (2016) Position-dependent plasticity of distinct progenitor types in the primitive streak. eLife 5:e10042. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10042
Staudt T, Lang MC, Medda R, Engelhardt J, Hell SW (2007) 2,2′-Thiodiethanol: a new water soluble mounting medium for high resolution optical microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 70(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20396
Dodt HU, Leischner U, Schierloh A, Jährling N, Mauch CP, Deininger K, Deussing JM, Eder M, Zieglgänsberger W, Becker K (2007) Ultramicroscopy: three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain. Nat Methods 4:331–336. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth1036
Wallingford JB (2010) Preparation of fixed Xenopus embryos for confocal imaging. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 5:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot5426
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Wong, F.C.K. (2021). Whole-Mount Immunofluorescence Staining of Early Mouse Embryos. In: Ancelin, K., Borensztein, M. (eds) Epigenetic Reprogramming During Mouse Embryogenesis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2214. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0958-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0958-3_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-0957-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-0958-3
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols