The number one technique for medical imaging and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) is ultrasound. This is due to its non-ionizing character, low cost and to the fact that images and measurements contain data linked to several physical and structural parameters of the explored media.
The overall performance of an ultrasonic system is mainly determined by the transducer characteristics. Consequently, each application having its specific requirements, very different transducers need to be designed. Furthermore, the measurement techniques and imaging modalities are in constant evolution, requiring higher performance and versatility of the transducers. Not only must frequency bandwidth and sensitivity be increased, but transducers must also be able to operate in various modes such as pulse-echo (classical A, B or C modes), burst (Doppler or other velocity measurements) or harmonic reception (non-linear acoustics). Innovations such as ultrasound stimulated elastography and combination of different techniques such as ultrasound and MRI or ultrasound therapy and imaging are only possible if specific transducers are developed.
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Lethiecq, M., Levassort, F., Certon, D., Tran-Huu-Hue, L.P. (2008). Piezoelectric Transducer Design for Medical Diagnosis and NDE. In: Safari, A., AkdoÄŸan, E.K. (eds) Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76540-2_10
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