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Graphene-Based Chemical and Biosensors

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Applications of Nanomaterials in Sensors and Diagnostics

Part of the book series: Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors ((SSSENSORS,volume 14))

Abstract

Graphene is a novel and promising material for chemical and biosensing due to its extraordinary structural, electronic, and physiochemical properties. Recently, a large number of graphene-based chemical and biosensors with different structures and fabrication methods have been reported. In this chapter, graphene’s synthesis methods, properties, and applications in chemical and biosensing are extensively surveyed. Graphene-based chemical and biosensors may similarly be classified into three main groups including chemoresistive, electrochemical, and other sensing platforms. Chemoresistive graphene-based chemical sensors have been widely developed for ultrasensitive gas-phase chemical sensing with single molecule detection capability. Graphene-based electrochemical sensors for chemical and biosensing have shown excellent performances toward various non-bio and bio-analytes compared to most other carbon-based electrodes due to its very high electron transfer rate of highly dense edge-plane-like defective active sites, excellent direct electrochemical oxidation of small biomolecules and direct electrochemistry of enzyme while graphene FET chemoresistive biosensors for detections of DNA, protein/DNA mixture, and other antibody-specific biomolecules have been reported with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the graphene’s performance considerably depends on synthesis method and surface functionalized graphene oxides prepared by chemical, thermal, and particularly electrochemical reductions are demonstrated to be highly promising for both electrochemical and chemoresistive sensing platforms. However, large-scale economical production of graphene is still not generally attainable and graphene-based chemical and biosensors still suffer from poor reproducibility due to difficulty of controlling graphene sensor structures. Therefore, novel methods for well-controlled synthesis and processing of graphene must be further developed. Furthermore, effective doping methods should be developed and applied to enhance its sensing behaviors. Lastly, graphene’s chemical and biological interaction and related charge transport mechanisms are not well understood and should be further studied.

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  1. Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC), National Science and Technology Development agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand

    Anurat Wisitsoraat & Adisorn Tuantranont

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  1. Anurat Wisitsoraat
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  2. Adisorn Tuantranont
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Correspondence to Anurat Wisitsoraat .

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  1. , Nanoelectronics and MEMS Laboratory, National Electronics and Computer Techno, Phahol Yothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Adisorn Tuantranont

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Wisitsoraat, A., Tuantranont, A. (2013). Graphene-Based Chemical and Biosensors. In: Tuantranont, A. (eds) Applications of Nanomaterials in Sensors and Diagnostics. Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/5346_2012_47

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