Structure and Function of the H19 Long Non-coding RNA in Cancer

Gungor, Yonca; Gonul, Ceren Perihan; Senturk, Serif

doi:10.1007/16833_2023_177

Yonca Gungor^1,2^na1,
Ceren Perihan Gonul^1,2^na1 &
Serif Senturk^1,2^na1

Part of the book series: Interdisciplinary Cancer Research

1 Altmetric

Abstract

H19 is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) molecule that is encoded by the H19 gene located on chromosome 11 in humans and is exclusively expressed from the maternal allele. H19 is involved in the regulation of various cellular and biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, and differentiation. The H19 gene has been implicated in cancer development and progression, as it has been found to be dysregulated in a variety of cancers, including breast, liver, lung, and bladder cancer. Critically, H19 has been reported to act as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor, indicating that its role in cancer is multifaceted and varies depending on the type of cancer and the specific cellular context. In addition to its biological functions, H19 is a key biomarker, potentially laying the groundwork for the implementation of treatment modalities in cancer as well as other age-related diseases. Despite significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and functions of H19, much remains to be learned about its role in disease pathogenesis and potential therapeutic applications. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about H19 lncRNA and its biological functions and discusses its potential as a therapeutic target for various cancers.

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Abbreviations

AD:: Alzheimer’s disease
ALS:: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
CTCF:: CCCTC-binding factor
DFS:: disease-free survival
DMR:: differentially methylated regions
DNMT1:: DNA methyltransferase 1
Dsh:: disheveled
EGFR:: epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT:: epithelial-mesenchymal transition
ERK:: extracellular signal-related kinase
EZH2:: enhancer of zeste homolog 2
Fz:: frizzled
GSK3:: glycogen synthase kinase 3
H.pylori :: Helicobacter pylori
HCC:: hepatocellular carcinoma
HGF/SF:: hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor
HIF-1α:: hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
HMGB1:: high mobility group box 1
HPRT:: hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
ICR:: imprinting control region
ID2:: inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2
IGF2:: insulin-like growth factor 2
IKK:: IκB kinase
ILF2:: interleukin enhancer binding factor 2
IκB:: Inhibitor of NF-κB
lncRNA:: long non-coding RNA
LOI:: loss of imprinting
LRP5/6:: low-density-lipoprotein-related protein 5/6
MAPK:: mitogen-activated protein kinase
MAPKK:: MAP Kinase Kinase
MAPKKK:: MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase
MDR-1:: multidrug-resistant 1 gene
miRNA:: micro RNA
MRP1:: multidrug-resistant associated protein 1
mTOR:: mammalian target of rapamycin
MTX:: methotrexate
NAT1:: N-acetyltransferase 1
ncRNA:: non-coding RNA
NF-κB:: nuclear factor-kappa B
NSCLC:: non-small cell lung cancer
OS:: overall survival
PARP:: poly ADP ribose polymerase
PD:: Parkinson’s disease
PDK1:: phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1
PI3K:: phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PIK3R3:: phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3
PIP2:: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
PIP3:: phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
piRNA:: piwi interacting RNA
PRC2:: polycomb repressive complex 2
PTEN:: phosphatase and tensin homolog
Raf:: regulation of α-fetoprotein
RB:: retinoblastoma
Rif:: regulation of induction of α-fetoprotein
RTK:: receptor tyrosine kinase
siRNA:: small interfering RNA
sncRNA:: small non-coding RNA
snoRNA:: small nucleolar RNA
SNP:: single nucleotide polymorphism
TCF/LEF:: T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor
tRF:: tRNA-derived fragments
tRNA:: transfer RNA
ZEB1&2:: zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1&2

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank both Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center and Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute at Dokuz Eylul University (iBG-izmir) for continuous academic, administrative, and financial support. We also thank YÖK 100/2000 and TÜBİTAK BİDEB 2211 scholarships for funding the graduate studies of Yonca Gungor and Ceren Perihan Gonul. Serif Senturk is a recipient of the Young Scientists Award Program of the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA GEBIP 2017) and the Science Academy’s Young Scientist Awards Program (BAGEP 2019). The figures were created with BioRender.com.

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Yonca Gungor and Ceren Perihan Gonul have contributed equally to this work

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Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
Yonca Gungor, Ceren Perihan Gonul & Serif Senturk
Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-Izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
Yonca Gungor, Ceren Perihan Gonul & Serif Senturk

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Yonca Gungor
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Gungor, Y., Gonul, C.P., Senturk, S. (2023). Structure and Function of the H19 Long Non-coding RNA in Cancer. In: Interdisciplinary Cancer Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/16833_2023_177

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/16833_2023_177
Published: 26 August 2023
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

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