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Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors

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  • First Online:
Interdisciplinary Cancer Research

Part of the book series: Interdisciplinary Cancer Research

Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are engineered T lymphocytes that redirect the immune cell against a specific target antigen. As a novel immunotherapeutic method, CAR T cells have shown promising results against malignancies with hematologic sources. By the end of 2021, five CAR T products have been approved by the food and drug association (FDA) for B-cell malignancies. Nevertheless, this immunotherapeutic method has not shown impressive results against solid tissue-derived cancers. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the road backs of CAR T therapy in solid tumors, such as the physical and metabolic barriers, immunosuppressive immune cells and soluble factors, insufficient immune cell homing to the tumor site, and tumor antigen heterogeneity can pave the way to engineer novel CAR T products with higher specificity. In this chapter, we review the current progress of preclinical and clinical studies of CAR T cell therapy in different solid tumors, including lung, liver, renal, breast, gastric, prostate, ovarian, pancreatic, and colorectal malignancies. Moreover, obstacles that reduce the efficacy of CAR T therapy in solid tumors and solutions to these barriers, by focusing on recent novel CAR structures engineered to improve CAR T cell recognition, specificity, and survival in solid tumors are discussed in detail.

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Acknowlegments

As medical primary care providers, the authors would like to appreciate all cancer frontline researchers who seek help for cancer patients.

Author Contribution

R.E., M.Z., and M.B. contributed to data gathering, writing the primary manuscript, and designing the tables. R.E. contributed to reviewing the manuscript. D.J. contributed to the hypothesis, data gathering, and reviewing and revising the final manuscript. A.H.M contributed to designing the figures, and reviewing and revising the manuscript. A.E. contributed to the hypothesis, correspondence, and reviewing and revising the final manuscript. All authors have viewed and confirmed the final manuscript before submission.

Disclosure of Interests

All authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

This chapter does not contain any studies with human participants/animals performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

    Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh & Davood Jafari

  2. Immunotherapy Research and Technology Group, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

    Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh

  3. Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

    Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh

  4. Immunogenetics Research Network (IgReN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Zanjan, Iran

    Davood Jafari

  5. School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

    Reza Elahi & Maryam Zare Rafie

  6. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahsa Bazargan

  7. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Amir Hossein Mansourabadi

  8. Immunogenetics Research Network (IgReN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

    Amir Hossein Mansourabadi

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  1. Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
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  2. Davood Jafari
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  3. Reza Elahi
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  6. Amir Hossein Mansourabadi
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Correspondence to Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh .

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Esmaeilzadeh, A., Jafari, D., Elahi, R., Bazargan, M., Rafie, M.Z., Mansourabadi, A.H. (2023). Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors. In: Interdisciplinary Cancer Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/16833_2023_156

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/16833_2023_156

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