Abstract
Little is known on the effects of biochar on N uptake and amino acid variability in crops such as winter rye and narrow-leafed lupine despite the fact that amino acids are important indicators, for food quality and plant stress. N uptake of both crops showed contrasting results when treated with different biochar fertilizers. Total amino acid contents referred to total nitrogen generally tend to decrease in rye grains in the presence of biochar; whereas lupine seeds were more or less unaffected by biochar combined with mineral fertilizer or compost. In lupine seeds, total amino acid contents significantly increased when biochar was mixed with digestate but decreased when mixed with fermented digestate. Lysine, one of the most limiting amino acids in cereals, reached the recommended value of 4 g kg−1 in rye grain for most biochar fertilizers. In lupine seeds, lysine decreased when biochar had been applied but were still in the recommended range when used as animal feed. Proline, an indicator for plant stress, significantly decreased (− 49%) in rye when 2 Mg biochar ha−1 was added in combination with mineral fertilizer. In contrast, proline increased when biochar was added to organic (digestate and compost) fertilizers (up to 43%). Further biochar research should focus much more on food quality, which is a key challenge for global food production.
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for financial support within the ClimaCarbo project (No. 01LY1110B). We would like to thank Graf Fried von Bernstorff for providing his arable land and the logistic assistance during the fieldwork as well as Sebastian Seelig, Daniel Habenicht, Helmut Gerber (PYREG GmbH) and Hans-Peter Schmidt (Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies). We are grateful to Theresa Detering for supporting the laboratory work. Finally, we want to honor the excellent field work and sampling, which were performed by several student helpers.
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Wiedner, K., Schimpf, C., Polifka, S. et al. Effect of biochar fertilizers on amino acid variability of Secale cereale and Lupinus angustifolius. Biochar 1, 187–201 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-019-00012-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-019-00012-7