Abstract
The article explores the intersection of UK and Ghanaian volunteers’ intercultural interactions in multicultural teamwork under international volunteerism context. Situating the study within the cultural dynamic framework and adopting a case study qualitative research design, the study revealed that culture is created by the actors based on the interactions and context. Furthermore, elements of cultural diversity such as diversity of thought and cross-cultural sensitivities were revealed to be enablers of effective cross-cultural communication and not as barriers or impediments to effective interactions. Misconceived sexual orientations and lack of cultural neutrality in decision-making process also characterised their cultural constructions. In view of this, the study recommends that open-mindedness and willingness to modify ethnocentric dispositions as well as exhibition of cultural sensitivities and moderation of opinions in international assignments will greatly enhance intercultural interactions among multicultural teams and foster successful work outcomes in international volunteering service.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdulai, M. (2018). Migration, mobility and intercultural learning in study abroad programs: the case of Germany and Ghana Educational Exchange Program. Human Arenas. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-018-0045-3.
Abdulai, M., Ibrahim, H., & Mohammed, M. A. (2017). Communicating across cultures in multinational Ibis West Africa. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 58, 42–53.
Adelman, C., Schwartz, B., & Riskin, E. (2016). 2016 index of global philanthropy and remittances Washington D.C.: The Center for Global Prosperity (CGP) at the Hudson Institute. http://gpr.hudson.org/files/publications/IndexGlobalPhilanthropy2007.pdf.
Adler, N. J., & Aycan, Z. (2018). Cross-cultural interaction: what we know and what we need to know. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology or Organizational Behavior, 5, 307–333.
Adler, N. J., & Gundersen, A. (2008). International dimensions of organizational behavior. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western.
American Field Service, (2017). Learning, volunteerism and global citizenship education at AFS Intercultural programs. 100 Centennial of the AFS, Global Education Network, Vol. 1
Canado, M. L. P., & Garcia, M. D. C. M. (2007). Intercultural communication in global workplace: The case of multicultural teams in Spain. Culture, language and presentation, IV, 185–202.
Chao, G. T., & Moon, H. (2005). The cultural mosaic: a meta-theory for understanding the complexity of culture. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1128–1140.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approach (3rd ed.). UK: Sage Publications.
Dahl, Ø. (2014). Is culture something we have or something we do? - from descriptive essentialist to dynamic intercultural constructivist communication. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 36.
Darawong, C., & Igel, B. (2012). Acculturation of local new product development team members in MNC subsidiaries in Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 24(3), 351–371. https://doi.org/10.1108/13555851211237867.
Ely, R. J. & Thomas, D. A. (2001). Cultural diversity at work: The effects of diversity perspectives on work group processes and outcomes. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(2), 229–273.
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity youth and crisis. New York: Norton.
European Volunteer Centre (2006) Manifesto for volunteering in Europe. European Volunteer Centre. Found on: http://www.unv.org/fileadmin/externalphotos/CEVManifesto.pdf
Frantz, C. M., & Bennigson, C. (2005). Better late than early: the influence of timing on apology effectiveness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 201–207.
Gallois, C. Liu, S. & Volcic, Z. (2011). Introducing intercultural communication. Global cultures and contexts. London: Sage.
Griffiths, M. (2017). ‘It’s all bollocks!’ And other critical standpoints on the UK Government’s vision of global citizenship. Identities, 24(4), 398–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/1070289X.2016.1161515.
Gudykunst, W. B., & Ting-Toomey, S. (1988). Culture and interpersonal communication. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Hall, E. (1976). Beyond culture. New York: Doubleday.
Hong, Y. Y. Morris, M. W. Chiu, C. Y. Benet-Mart´ınez, V. (2000). Multicultural minds: a dynamic constructivist approach to culture and cognition. American psychologist. 55,709–20.
Independent Sector. (2001) Giving and volunteering in the United States: key findings. Available on: http://www.independentsector.org/PDFs/GV01keyfind.pdf
Jones, A. (2004). Review of gap year provision. London: Department for Education and Skills: School of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London.
Långstedt, J. (2018). Culture, an excuse?—a critical analysis of essentialist assumptions in cross-cultural management research and practice. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 18(3), 293–308.
Liu, S., Volcic, Z., & Gallois, C. (2011). Introducing intercultural communication. Global Cultures and Contexts. London: Sage.
Lough, B. J. (2015). A decade of international volunteering from the United States, 2004 to 2014 (CSD Resear.). St. Louis, MO: Washington University, Center for Social Development.
Lough, B. J., & Tiessen, R. (2018). How do international volunteering characteristics influence outcomes? Perspective from partner organization. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 29, 104–118.
Markus, H. R., & Conner, A. (2013). Clash! How to Thrive in a Multicultural World. New York: Hudson Street Press.
McIntosh, A. J. & Zahra, A. (2007). A cultural encounter through volunteer tourism: Towards the ideals of sustainable tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15, 541–556.
Nathan, G. (2015). A non-essentialist model of culture: implications of identity, agency and structure within multinational/multicultural organizations. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 15(1), 101–124.
Nishimura, S., Nevgi, A., & Tella, S. (2008). Communication style and cultural features in high/low context communication cultures: a case study of Finland, Japan and India. In A. Kallioniemi (Ed.), Renovating and developing didactics. Proceedings of a subject-didactic symposium in Helsinki on Feb. 2, 2008. Pat 2 (pp. 783e796). University of Helsinki. Department of Applied Sciences of Education. Research Report 299.
Piketty, T., & Saez, E. (2014). Inequality in the long run. Science, 344, 838–843.
Prakapiene, D. & Prakapa, R. (2016). The impact of social media on intercultural communication. Organizacia Spoleczne W Structurach Sieci.
Randle, M. J., & Dolnicar, S. (2009). Does cultural background affect volunteering behavior? Journal of Nonprofit and Public Sector Marketing, 21(2), 225–247.
Rijamampianina, R. (1995). Effective management in multicultural organisationcreating a learning-based order with a sharing principle. Economic Journal of Hokkaido University, 25, 119–167.
Rozkwitalska, M., Chmielecki, M., Przytula, S., Sulkowski, L., & Basinska, B. A. (2017). Intercultural interactions in multinational subsidiaries: employee accounts of “the dark side” and “the bright side” of intercultural contacts. Baltic Journal of Management, 12(2), 214–239. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-11-2015-0215.
Saldaña J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE.
Sandelowski, M. (1995). Qualitative analysis: what it is and how to begin. Research in Nursing and Health, 18, 371–375.
Sherraden, M. (2001). Service and the human enterprise (CSD Perspective No. 01-19). Retrieved from Washington University, Center for Social Development website: https://csd.wustl.edu/Publications/Documents/P0119_83.ServiceAndTheHumanEnterprise.pdf
Sherraden, M. S., Lough, B. J., & McBride, A. M. (2008). Effects of international volunteering and service: individual and institutional predictors. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 19(4), 395–421.
Snell, S. A., Snow, C. C., Davison, S. C., & Hambrick, D. C. (1998). Designing and supporting transnational teams: the human resource agenda. Human Resources Management. 37:147–58.
Søderberg, A.-M., & Holden, N. (2002). Rethinking cross cultural management in a globalizing business world. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 2(1), 103–121.
Stahl, G. K., & Tung, R. L. (2014). Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies: the need for positive cross-cultural scholarship. Journal of International Business Studies, 46(4), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.68.
Stahl, G. K. Maznevski, M. L. Voigt, A., & Jonsen, K. (2010). Unraveling the effects of cultural diversity in teams: a meta-analysis of research on multicultural work groups. Journal of International Business Studies, 41, 690–709.
Strauss, J. C. (1990). Grounded theory research: procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 3–19.
Uzun, L. (2013). Utilizing technology for intercultural communication in virtual environments and the role of English. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 116, 2407–2411.
Volunteering Australia (2006). National census: are we a nation of volunteers? Available on: http://www.volunteeringaustralia.org/html/s02_article/article_view.asp?id=2285&nav_cat_id=219&nav_top_id=52&search=true#.
Waldorf, S. (2001). My time in the peace corps. The Public Interest, 142, 72–82.
Webb, A. & Wright, P. C. (1996). The expatriate experience: implications for career success. Career Development International, 1(5), 38–44.
White, D.W., Absher, R. K., & Huggins, K. A. (2011). The effects of hardiness and cultural distance on sociocultural adaptation in an expatriate sales manager population. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 31(3), 325–338.
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: design and methods (3rd ed.). California: Sage Publication.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ibrahim, H., Abdulai, M. & Abubakari, A. Culture and International Volunteerism: an Analytic Study of Intercultural Interactions between UK and Ghanaian Volunteers on the International Citizen Service (ICS) Program. Hu Arenas 3, 279–295 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-019-00082-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-019-00082-w